Table 1.
Reference values for reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength, and physical performance in the JSH, EWGSOP, and AWGS criteria.
| Measurement Method | JSH | EWGSOP | EWGSOP2 | AWGS | AWGS 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muscle mass | DEXA | M: YAM − 2SD | M: 7.0 kg/m2 | M: 7.0 kg/m2 | M: 7.0 kg/m2 | |
| F: YAM − 2SD | F: 5.5 kg/m2 | F: 5.4 kg/m2 | F: 5.4 kg/m2 | |||
| BIA | M: 7.0 kg/m2 | M: 7.0 kg/m2 | M: 7.0 kg/m2 | |||
| F: 5.7 kg/m2 | F: 5.7 kg/m2 | F: 5.7 kg/m2 | ||||
| CT (L3 level) | M: 42 cm2/m2 | |||||
| F: 38 cm2/m2 | ||||||
| Muscle strength or Physical performance | Handgrip strength | M: 26 kg | M: 30kg | M: 27 kg | M: 26 kg | M: 28 kg |
| F: 18 kg | F: 20kg | F: 16 kg | F: 18 kg | F: 18 kg | ||
| Chair stand test (5-time) | 15 s | 12 s | ||||
| Gait speed | 0.8 m/s | 0.8 m/s | 0.8 m/s | 1.0 m/s | ||
| SPPB | 8 points | 8 points | 9 points | 9 points |
Abbreviations: AWGS, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia; BIA, bioelectrical impedance analysis; CT, computed tomography; DEXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; EWGSOP, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; JSH, Japan Society of Hepatology; SD, standard deviation; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; TUG, Timed-Up and Go test; YAM, young adult mean.