Table 2.

Antihypertensive characteristics of fish waste protein hydrolysates.

Substrate	Enzymes	ACE Inhibitory Activity (%) or (IC50 Value)	Reference
Yellowfin sole frame	Chymotrypsin	Ultrafiltration fractionation- Fraction I: 47.6% Fraction II: 34.5% Fraction III: 68.8%	[61]
Sardinella byproducts	Protease-K	47.4% activity	[62]
	Alcalase	43.0% activity
	Sardine visceral enzyme	63.2% activity
	Chymotrypsin	55.8% activity
	Protease ES1	13.2% activity
Tilapia	Cryotin	62–71% activity	[75]
	Flavourzyme	66–73% activity
Jelly fish	Papain	IC50: 6.56 µM	[76]
Freshwater clam byproducts	Pepsin Trypsin	IC50: 0.23 mg/mL	[77]
Giant Jelly fish	Alcalase	39.61% activity	[78]
	Flavourzyme	36.36% activity
	Neutrase	62.29% activity
	Papain	76.73% activity
	Protamex	70.01% activity
	Trypsin	68.01% activity
Rohu roe	Pepsin	47% activity	[79]
	Trypsin	36% activity
Pink perch fish frame waste	Papain Bromelain	69% activity	[42]
Salmon skin	Alcalse, papain	IC50: 60 µM	[70]
Sea bream scale	Protease	IC50: 7.5 µM	[28]
Skate (Raja kenojei)	Alcalase, α-chymotrypsin, neutrase, pepsin, papain and trypsin	IC50: 95 µM and 148 µM	[35]
Tuna (Thunnus obesus)	Alcalase, neutrase, pepsin, papain, α-chymotrypsin and trypsin	IC50: 11.28 µM	[63]
Tuna heads	Alcalase	0.27 mg/mL	[62]
Sardine viscera	Alcalase	1.16 mg/mL	[80]
Nile tilapia skin	Alcalase	1.12 mg/mL	[81]
Hound fish (Caprosaper linnaeus) viscera	Alkaline protease	75 µg/mL	[82]
Alaska Pollock skin gelatin extracts	Alcalase, pronase E, and collagenase	Gly-Pro-Leu and Gly-Pro-Met Peptides IC50: 2.6 and 17.13 µM	[68]