Table 3.
Antioxidant properties of fish waste protein hydrolysates.
| Substrate | Enzymes | Bioactive Properties Studied and Peptide Sequence | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Striped catfish frame meat | Papain Bromelain |
DPPH radical scavenging activity (90%), ferric reducing antioxidant power | [92] |
| Goby muscle proteins | Alcalase | DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power | [93] |
| Rastrelliger kanagurta backbone | Pepsin Papain |
DPPH radical scavenging activity (36–46%) | [94] |
| Salmon protein hydrolysate | Pepsin | DPPH radical scavenging activity (55%) | [95] |
| Pink perch frame waste hydrolysate | Papain Bromelain |
DPPH free radical scavenging activity (up to 90%), ferric reducing antioxidant power | [42] |
| Salmon (Salmo salar) frame hydrolysates | Alcalase Papain |
DPPH free radical scavenging ability, ABTS activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), metal chelating activity and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) | [96] |
| Oreochromis niloticus Scale gelatin hydrolysate | Alcalase Pronase E trypsin pepsin |
DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide radical anion scavenging activity | [97] |
| Black pomfret visceral protein hydrolysate | Pepsin trypsin ά-chymotrypsin |
DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP and metal chelating activity (Ala-Met-Thr-Gly-Leu-Glu-Ala) | [98] |
| Alaska pollack frame protein hydrolysate | Mackerel intestine crude enzyme | Higher antioxidant Activity in terms of ferric thiocyanate for peptide fraction < 1 kDa Peptide sequence: Leu-Pro-His-Ser-Gly-Tyr (627 Da) |
[29] |
| Tuna backbone protein hydrolysate | Alcalase, a-chymotrypsin, neutrase, papain, pepsin and trypsin |
Higher lipid peroxidation inhibition and DPPH free radical scavenging activity for peptide—VKAGFAWTANQQLS (1519 Da) | [14] |
| Cod (Gadus macrocephalus) | Alcalase, neutrase, papain, trypsin, pepsin, and α-chymotrypsin | Electron spin resonance technique & Thr-Gly-Gly-Gly-Asn-Val |
[36] |
| Bluefin leatherjacket (Navodon septentrionalis) heads | Papain | DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radicals and ABTS radicals and Trp-Glu-Gly-Pro-Lys, Gly-Pro-Pro, and Gly-Val-Pro-Leu-Thr |
[41] |
| Bluefin leatherjacket (Navodon septentrionalis) skin | Trypsin, flavourzyme, neutrase, papain, alcalase, and pepsin, | DPPH, hydroxyl radicals and oxygen scavenging assays Gly-Ser-Gly-Gly-Leu, Gly-Pro-Gly-Gly-Phe-Ile, and Phe-Ile-Gly-Pro |
[99] |
| Salmon by-product | Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase, pepsin, Protamex, and trypsin | DPPH and ABTS Phe-Leu-Asn-Glu-Phe-Leu-His-Val |
[39] |
| Horse mackerel (Magalaspis cordyla) viscera | In vitro gastrointestinal digestion | DPPH and hydroxyl radicals Ala—Cys—Phe—Leu (518.5 Da) |
[91] |
| Giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas) skin | Visceral alkaline-proteases from Giant catfish, commercial trypsin, Izyme AL® | ABTS radical-scavenging, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and metal (ferrous) chelating ability | [100] |
| Aisan seabass (Lates calcarifer) skin | Protease from hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp, Alcalase | DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activity, Ferric reducing antioxidant power, metal (ferrous) chelating activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation | [40] |
| Croaker (Otolithes ruber) skin | Pepsin, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin | Gly-Asn-Arg-Gly-Phe-Ala-Cys-Arg-His-Ala and DPPH and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, metal (ferrous) chelating activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation |
[91] |
| Jumbo squid skin gelatin | Enzymatic hydrolysis | Good antioxidant activity for isolated peptide Phe-Asp-Ser-Gly-Pro Ala-Gly-Val-Leu | [101] |