Abbreviation	Meaning
tPA	tissue plasminogen activator
HSCs	hematopoietic stem cells
NSCs	neural stem cells
MSCs	mesenchymal stem cells
IPSCs	induced pluripotent stem cells
MAP2	microtubule-associated protein 2
ECM	extracellular matrix
GDNF	glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
EPCs	endothelial progenitor cells
USC-Exos	urine-derived stem cells
NPCs	neural progenitor cells
MMPs	matrix metalloproteinases
TBI	traumatic brain injury
SVZ	subventricular zone
IV	intravenous
OPCs	oligodendrocyte progenitor cells
BM-MSCs	bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
NVU	neurovascular unit
IGF-1	insulin-like growth factor
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
EGF	epidermal growth factor
bFGF	basic fibroblast growth factor
BMPs	bone morphogenic proteins
MCAO	middle cerebral artery occlusion
SDF-1	stromal cell-derived factor-1
CXC4	chemokine receptor type 4
IL	interleukin
PGE2	prostaglandin E2
FGF2	fibroblast growth factor 2
VEGFR2	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2
BDNF	brain-derived neurotrophic factor
PD	Parkinson’s disease
SGZ	subgranular zone
BBB	blood-brain barrier
SGZ	subgranular zone
PDGF	platelet-derived growth factor
OGD/R	oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation
IC	intracerebral
IA	intra-arterial
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-α
DAMPs	damage-associated molecular patterns
MCP-1	monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-β
NGF	nerve growth factor
PEI	polyethyleneimine
CCR4	CC chemokine receptor 4
ROS	reactive oxygen species
I/R	ischemia/reperfusion
CUECD2	CUE domain-containing 2
NPs	nanoparticles
IFN-γ	interferon-γ
GFAP	glial fibrillary acidic protein
EVs	extracellular vesicles
UC-MSCs	umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells
HIF-1α	hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
CTZ	coelenterazine
TSPO	translocator protein
EE	enriched environment
VR	virtual reality
BCI	brain-computer interfaces
FES	functional electrical stimulation
TMS	transcranial magnetic stimulation
NTF	neurofeedback therapy