Figure 1.

Shared mechanisms of toxicity in the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, autophagosome and proteasome inhibition, nucleocytoplasmic transport defects, axonal transport dysfunction and prion-like propagation are induced by protein misfolding and abnormal interactions. Post translational modifications and non-cell autonomous toxic mechanisms are also common features among the different neurodegenerative diseases.