Table A1.
Quality appraisal of the included studies using JBI.
| Included Studies | Were the Criteria for Inclusion in the Sample Clearly Defined? | Were the Study Subjects and the Setting Described in Detail? | Was Exposure Measured in a Valid and Reliable Way? | Were Objective, Standard Criteria Used for Measurement of the Condition? | Were Confounding Factors Identified? | Were Strategies to Deal with Confounding Factors Stated? | Were the Outcomes Measured in a Valid and Reliable Way? | Was Appropriate Statistical Analysis Used? | Quality Assessment Scores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abed et al. (2020) | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Adejumo et al. (2019) | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Affinito et al. (2018) | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Alnazly (2016) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Alvarez-Ude et al. (2004) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Al Wakeel & Bayoumi (2016) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Avsar et al. (2013) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Avsar et al. (2015) | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Bardak et al. (2018) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Bayoumi (2014) | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Belasco and Sesso (2002) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Belasco et al. (2006) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Cagan et al. (2018) | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Cantekin et al. (2016) | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Faridah et al. (2020) | Unclear | Unclear | yes | unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | yes | Moderate |
| Harris et al. (2000) | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Hoang et al. (2019) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Jafari et al. (2018) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Joy et al. (2019) | unclear | Unclear | Yes | yes | Unclear | unclear | yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Kang et al. (2019) | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Kilic and Kaptanogullari (2017) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Mashayekhi et al. (2015) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Molloaoglu et al. (2013) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | High |
| Nagarathnam et al. (2019) | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Oyegbile and Brysiewicz (2017) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Paschou et al. (2018) | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Rafati et al. (2019) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | High |
| Rioux et al. (2012) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Rodrigue et al. (2010) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Senmar et al. (2019) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | High |
| Shah et al. (2017) | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Shakya et al. (2017) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Shimoyama et al. (2003) | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Tao et al. (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Washio et al. (2012) | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Wicks et al. (1997) | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | yes | yes | High |
| Zhang et al. (2016) | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Moderate |
| Zhang et al. (2020) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Unclear | Yes | Yes | High |