Table 2.
Clinical studies examining the effects of ceramide-containing emollients on xerosis and AD.
| Ceramide Species (Compound Name) |
Formulation (Brand Name) |
Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudo-ceramide (PC-104) |
Cream (Triceram®) |
Disease severity ↓ TEWL ↓ SC hydration ↑ Extracellular lipid lamellae ↑ |
Chamlin et al. [98] |
| Pseudo-ceramide (PC-104) |
Cream (Epiceram®) |
Disease severity ↓ pruritus ↓ sleep ↑ |
Sugarman et al. [99] |
| Pseudo-ceramide (SLE66) |
Cream (Curel®) |
Disease severity ↓ TEWL → SC hydration ↑ |
Seghers et al. [103] |
| Pseudo-ceramide (PC-104) |
Cream (NeoCera™) |
Disease severity ↓ TEWL → SC hydration ↑ |
Draelos et al. [107] |
| Pseudo-ceramide (SLE66) |
Oil-in-water lotion | Disease severity ↓ TEWL ↓ SC hydration ↑ Cer[NH], Cer[NP] ↑ Cer[NS], Cer[AS] ↓ |
Ishida et al. [108] |
| Cer[NP], Cer[AP], Cer[EOS] | Multivesicular emulsion (CeraVe®) |
SC hydration ↑ Skin dryness ↓ |
Danby et al. [109] |