Table A1.
Flap thickness obtained with manual and femtosecond methods for corneal flap creation in clinical LASIK studies.
| Study | Number of Eyes | Method of Flap Creation | Intended Thickness [μm] | Method for Flap Thickness Measurement (Device Name) | Measured Central Flap Thickness ±SD [μm] | Timing of Flap Thickness Measurement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manual microkeratomes | ||||||
| Kezirian and Stonecipher 2004 [116] | 126 | Carriazo-Barraquer (Moria) | 130 | USP (DGH Pachette 50/60 KHz) | 153 ± 26 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Kezirian and Stonecipher 2004 [116] | 143 | Hansatome (Bausch & Lomb) | 180 | USP (DGH Pachette 50/60 KHz) | 156 ± 29 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Choudhri et al., 2005 [32] | 138 | Hansatome (Bausch & Lomb) | 160 | USP (American Surgical Instruments Corneal Gauge) | 124.1 ± 17.4 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Choudhri et al., 2005 [32] | 112 | Hansatome (Bausch & Lomb) | 180 | USP (American Surgical Instruments Corneal Gauge) | 142.3 ± 19.6 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Duffey 2005 [23] | 42 | LSK-1 (Moria) | 100 | USP (DGH Pachette) | 107.0 ± 14.0 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Talamo et al., 2006 [35] | 100 | LSK-1 (Moria) | 160 | USP (DGH Pachette II) | 130.0 ± 19.0 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Talamo et al., 2006 [35] | 135 | M2 (Moria) | 130 | USP (DGH Pachette II) | 142.0 ± 24 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Javaloy et al., 2007 [40] | 100 | M2 (Moria) | 160 | confocal microscopy (ASL 165a) | 149.1 ± 14.0 | 1 and 3 months postop |
| Patel el al., 2007 [26] | 21 | Hansatome (Bausch & Lomb) | 180 | confocal microscopy (Nidek ConfoScan 3 or 4) | 138.0 ± 22 | 1 month postop |
| Huhtala et al., 2007 [34] | 300 | M2 (Moria) | 120 | USP (Cilco) | 115.4 ± 12.5 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Alió and Piñero 2008 [6] | 22 | M2 (Moria) | 110 | high-frequency USP (Ultralink Artemis) | 117.5 ± 7.8 | 1 month postop |
| Alió and Piñero 2008 [6] | 22 | Carriazo-Pendular Microkeratome (Schwind) | 110 | high-frequency USP (Ultralink Artemis) | 118.1 ± 8.3 | 1 month postop |
| Hamilton et al., 2008 [30] | 32 | One Use (Moria) | 130 | USP (N/A) | 117.0 ± 16.0 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Rosa et al., 2009 [20] | 20 | Hansatome Zero Compression (Bausch & Lomb) | 160 | USP (Sonogage Corneo-Gage Plus) | 149.1 ± 24.9 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift); in 1of 4 group 20 min postop |
| Rosa et al., 2009 [20] | 20 | Zyoptix XP (Bausch & Lomb) | 120 | USP (Sonogage Corneo-Gage Plus) | 124.7 ± 23.8 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift); in 1of 4 group 20 min postop |
| Salomão et al., 2009 [31] | 70 | Hansatome (Bausch & Lomb) | 180 | USP (N/A) | 131.0 ± 25 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Ahn et al., 2011 [27] | 52 | M2 (Moria) | 130 | OCT (Optovue RTVue FD-OCT) | 126.0 ± 19.9 ** | 2 months postop |
| Yao et al., 2011 [37] | 38 | M3 (Moria) | 110 | OCT (Carl Zeiss Visante) | 112.2 ± 5.4 | 1 week–6 months postop |
| Zhang et al., 2014 [117] | 50 | M2 (Moria) | 110 | USP (DGH 550) | 133.0 ± 13.9 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Zhang et al., 2014 [33] | 60 | One Use-Plus SBK (Moria) | 110 | USP (DGH 550) | 109.4 ± 6.8 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Abdelwahab and Elfayoumi 2016 [52] | 500 | One Use-Plus SBK (Moria) | 100 | USP (DGH 55 Pachmate) | 102.0 ± 6.1 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Torky et al., 2017 [118] | 23 | M2 (Moria) | N/A | USP (Tomey SP 100) | 104.6 ± 20.1 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Karabela et al., 2017 [119] | 72 | M2 (Moria) | 120 | USP (Nidek Echoscan US-1800) | 134.2 ± 19.9 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Eldaly et al., 2019 [28] | 22 | M2 (Moria) | 100–110 | OCT (Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis) | 125.8 ± 5.8 | 1 month postop |
| Eldaly et al., 2019 [28] | 22 | M2 (Moria) | 130 | OCT (Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis) | 146.9 ± 13.6 | 1 month postop |
| Femtosecond laser | ||||||
| Kezirian and Stonecipher 2004 [116] | 106 | IntraLase S3 (Abbott Medical Optics) | 130 | USP (DGH Pachette 50/60 KHz) | 114 ± 14 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Binder 2004 [120] | 34 | IntraLase S3 (Abbott Medical Optics) | 110 | USP (Sonnogage Cornea Scan II 5) | 125.0 ± 12.0 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Binder 2004 [120] | 22 | IntraLase S3 (Abbott Medical Optics) | 120 | USP (Sonnogage Cornea Scan II 5) | 122.4 ± 11.9 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Binder 2004 [120] | 21 | IntraLase S3 (Abbott Medical Optics) | 130 | USP (Sonnogage Cornea Scan II 5) | 128.7 ± 16.6 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Binder 2004 [120] | 26 | IntraLase S3 (Abbott Medical Optics) | 140 | USP (Sonnogage Cornea Scan II 5) | 132.5 ± 18.5 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Talamo et al., 2006 [35] | 99 | IntraLase FS (Abbott Medical Optics) | 110 | USP (DGH Pachette II) | 119.0 ± 12 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Javaloy et al., 2007 [40] | 100 | IntraLase FS (Abbott Medical Optics) | 120 | confocal microscopy (ASL 165a) | 130.1 ± 1.7 | 1 and 3 months postop |
| Patel el al., 2007 [26] | 21 | IntraLase 15- kHz (Abbott Medical Optics) | 120 | confocal microscopy (Nidek ConfoScan 3 or 4) | 143.0 ± 16 | 1 month postop |
| Alió and Piñero 2008 [6] | 22 | IntraLase 30- kHz (Abbott Medical Optics) | 110 | high-frequency USP (Ultralink Artemis) | 116.0 ± 6.2 | 1 month postop |
| Hamilton et al., 2008 [30] | 32 | IntraLase 60- kHz (Abbott Medical Optics) | 110–120 | USP (N/A) | 120.0 ± 13 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Sutton and Hodge 2008 [102] | 838 | IntraLase 15- kHz (Abbott Medical Optics) | 105 | USP (Sonogage Corneo-Gage Plus) | 116.8 ± 10.8 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Sutton and Hodge 2008 [102] | 162 | IntraLase 30- kHz (Abbott Medical Optics) | 115 | USP (Sonogage Corneo-Gage Plus) | 114.0 ± 9.8 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Rosa et al., 2009 [20] | 20 | IntraLase FS 60 kHz (Abbott Medical Optics) | 120 | USP (Sonogage Corneo-Gage Plus) | 115.5 ± 12.5 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift); in 1of 4 group 20 min postop |
| Salomão et al., 2009 [31] | 113 | IntraLase 30- or 60- kHz (Abbott Medical Optics) | 100–110 | USP (N/A) | 131.0 ± 25 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Ahn et al., 2011 [27] | 50 | IntraLase | 110 | OCT (Optovue RTVue FD-OCT) | 130.3 ± 13.2 ** | 2 months postop |
| Ahn et al., 2011 [27] | 40 | VisuMax (Carl Zeiss Meditec) | 110 | OCT (Optovue RTVue FD-OCT) | 133.9 ± 13.9 ** | 2 months postop |
| Ahn et al., 2011 [27] | 64 | Femto LDV (Ziemer) | 110 | OCT (Optovue RTVue FD-OCT) | 105.8 ± 8.2 ** | 2 months postop |
| Yao et al., 2011 [37] | 25 | VisuMax (Carl Zeiss Meditec) | 100 | OCT (Carl Zeiss Visante) | 114.2 ± 6.9 | 1 week–6 months postop |
| Kim et al., 2011 [36] | 19 | IntraLase (Abbott Medical Optics) | 110 | OCT (Carl Zeiss Visante) | 115.2 ± 5.0 | 1 week postop |
| Kim et al., 2011 [36] | 7 | IntraLase (Abbott Medical Optics) | 120 | OCT (Carl Zeiss Visante) | 121.9 ± 5.8 | 1 week postop |
| Kim et al., 2011 [36] | 9 | IntraLase (Abbott Medical Optics) | 130 | OCT (Carl Zeiss Visante) | 134.4 ± 5.0 | 1 week postop |
| Zhang et al., 2014 [117] | 72 | FS200 (Alcon) | 110 | USP (DGH 550) | 105.5 ± 5.9 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Zhang et al., 2014 [33] | 60 | FS200 (Alcon) | 110 | USP (DGH 550) | 112.7 ± 7.2 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Zheng et al., 2015 [24] | 200 | FS200 (Alcon) | 110 | OCT (OptoVue RTVue FD-OCT) | 105.4 ± 3.4 | 1 week postop |
| Zheng et al., 2015 [24] | 200 | VisuMax (Carl Zeiss Meditec) | 110 | OCT (OptoVue RTVue FD-OCT) | 110.8 ± 3.9 | 1 week postop |
| Liu et al., 2016 [38] | 200 | FS200 (Alcon) | 110 | OCT (OptoVue RTVue FD-OCT) | 105.4 ± 4.5 | 1 week postop |
| Liu et al., 2016 [38] | 200 | IntraLase FS60 (Abbott Medical Optics) | 110 | OCT (OptoVue RTVue FD-OCT) | 109.2 ± 11.6 | 1 week postop |
| Torky et al., 2017 [118] | 26 | Visumax FSL (Carl Zeiss Meditec) | 100 | USP (Tomey SP 100) | 100.1 ± 16.1 | After lifting the flap (total thickness − thickness after flap lift) |
| Eldaly et al., 2019 [28] | 25 | FS200 (Alcon) | 100–110 | OCT (Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis) | 114.6 ± 6.1 | 1 month postop |
| Eldaly et al., 2019 [28] | 24 | FS200 (Alcon) | 130 | OCT (Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis) | 140.8 ± 13.8 | 1 month postop |
| Parafita-Fernandez et al., 2020 [39] | 44 | FS200 (Alcon) | 120 | OCT (Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000) | 132.2 ± 8.1 | 1 day–3 months postop |
Abbreviations: OCT—optical coherence tomography, SD—standard deviation, USP—ultrasound pachymetry; ** central thickness in horizontal plane.