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. 2021 Aug 29;10(9):2036. doi: 10.3390/foods10092036

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of 4-HD on apoptosis of HepG2 and Huh7 cells. (A,B) TUNEL (green) and DAPI (blue) double-positive cells were elevated after treatment with various concentrations of 4-HD (magnification, 400×); (C,D) Cells were treated with 4-HD for 48 h, stained with annexin V-FITC/PI, and then analyzed by flow cytometry; (E,F) The effects of 4-HD on the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP proteins were evaluated via Western blot. Relative expressions of the proteins were normalized to GAPDH. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.