4-HD induced apoptosis and cycle arrest of HCC cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. (A,B) Cell apoptosis proportion treated with 4-HD+LY294002 was detected by flow cytometry; (C,D) The effects of LY294002 on the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, caspase-9 and caspase-3 and PARP in HepG2 cells treated with 4-HD were evaluated by Western blotting; (E,F) Cell cycle distribution proportion treated with 4-HD+LY294002 was determined by flow cytometry; (G,H) Effects of LY294002 on the expressions of cyclin B1 and CDK1/CDC2 proteins in HepG2 cells treated with 4-HD were assessed by Western blotting. Relative expressions of the proteins were normalized to GAPDH. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. control (0 μM); #
p < 0.05, ##
p < 0.01, ###
p < 0.001, ####
p < 0.0001 vs. 40 μM 4-HD.