Table 3.
Vaccine candidates in development that utilize yellow fever vaccine technology.
| Vaccine Name [Reference] | Pathogen | Vaccine Formulation | Stage of Development | Cohort | Endpoints | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imojev™ (JE-CV) [93,94] | JEV | prME proteins of JEV SA14-14-2 in 17D backbone | Licensed | 14 countries | Produced in Vero cells | |
| Dengvaxia® [95] | DENV1-4 | 17D-204 backbone with the prM and E of YF replaced with those of the four wild-type DENV serotypes | Licensed | 20 countries | ||
| ChimeriVax-WN01 [96] | WNV | 17D backbone with WN NY99 prME | Pre-clinical | ICR mice and rhesus macaques | Reduced neurovirulence and neurotropism when compared to wild-type WNV | |
| ChimeriVax-WN02 [96,97,98] | WNV | Same as WN01 with added mutations in E: L107F, A316V, and K440R | Clinical: Phase II | Healthy adults aged 18–40 years (NCT00442169); adults over 50 years of age (NCT00746798) | Testing safety and immunogenicity (seroconversion of neutralizing antibodies) of low, medium, and high doses | |
| ChimeriVax-Zika (CYZ) [99] | ZIKV | 17D backbone with prME of ZIKV | Pre-clinical | A129 mice | Reduced viral loads, reduced neurovirulence/neuroinvasion, seroconversion of neutralizing antibodies, protection from lethal challenge | |
| YF-ZIKprM/E [100,101] | ZIKV | 17D backbone with prME of ZIKV | Pre-clinical | AG129, IFNAR1−/−, C57Bl/6, BALB/c, and immunocompetent NMRI mice | Protection from lethal challenge; protection from brain infections and malformations in mouse fetuses | |
| 17D/13 and 17D/8 [102] | Plasmodium falciparum | SYVPSAEQI portion of Plasmodium yoelii CS protein inserted into the fg loop in EDII | Pre-clinical | Rhesus macaques | Monkey neurovirulence test | |
| YF17D/ENS1/Tc [103] | Trypanasoma cruzi | Amastigote surface protein-2 inserted between E and NS1 of 17DD | Pre-clinical | A/J mice | Seroconversion of neutralizing antibodies | |
| rYF17D/SIVGag45–269 [104] | HIV | SIVmac239 Gag sequences inserted between E and NS1 of 17D | Pre-clinical | Rhesus macaques | Generation of CD8+ T-cell responses | |
| YFV17D/LASV-GPC [105] | Lassa virus | Lassa glycoproteins inserted into the C-terminal region of the 17D E protein | Pre-clinical | Strain 13 guinea pigs | Seroconversion of antibodies; protection from lethal challenge | |
| YF-S0 [106] | SARS-CoV-2 | Non-cleavable prefusion spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 inserted between E and NS1 or 17D | Pre-clinical | Syrian golden hamsters (M. auratus), AG129 hamsters, STAT2−/− hamsters; BALB/c and IFNAR1−/− mice, cynomolgus macaques | Safety, immunogenicity (neutralizing antibodies), efficacy; protection from infection/lung disease with SARS-CoV-2 |