Table 2.
Changes of anthropometric and metabolic parameters by randomization group.
| IG | CG | IG | CG | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean ± SD | 1 Year Mean ± SD | p * | Baseline Mean ± SD | 1 Year Mean ± SD | p * | Δ | Δ | p ** | |
| (N = 689) | (N = 689) | (N = 655) | (N = 655) | ||||||
| Weight (kg) | 68.9 ± 12.9 | 66.5 ± 13.1 | <0.001 | 67.7 ± 12.4 | 66.8 ± 12.5 | <0.001 | −2.4 | −0.9 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 ± 5.0 | 25.7 ± 5.0 | <0.001 | 26.2 ± 4.9 | 25.8 ± 4.9 | <0.001 | −1.0 | −0.4 | <0.001 |
| Waist circ. (cm) | 87.3 ± 12.3 | 84.7 ± 12.3 | <0.001 | 86.2 ± 12.1 | 85.2 ± 11.8 | <0.001 | −2.6 | −1.0 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic pressure (mm/Hg) | 82.4 ± 11.4 | 80.8 ± 11.7 | <0.001 | 81.2 ± 11.9 | 80.4 ± 10.4 | 0.02 | −1.6 | −0.8 | 0.16 |
| Systolic pressure (mm/Hg) | 127.7 ± 18.2 | 125.5 ± 19.1 | <0.001 | 126.0 ± 18.2 | 125.2 ± 17.8 | 0.24 | −2.2 | −0.8 | 0.1 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 94.2 ± 17.2 | 92.5 ± 16.3 | <0.001 | 93.7 ± 14.0 | 93.1 ± 13.7 | 0.21 | −1.7 | −0.5 | 0.04 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 60.8 ± 15.7 | 61.2 ± 16.1 | 0.28 | 62.3 ± 15.5 | 62.7 ± 16.0 | 0.34 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.95 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 114.3 ± 70.8 | 100.3 ± 61.6 | <0.001 | 107.4 ± 59.6 | 99.2 ± 51.6 | <0.001 | −14.0 | −8.2 | 0.03 |
| Number of MS parameters | |||||||||
| 0 | 12.3 | 18 | 16.2 | 18.9 | 5.7 | 2.7 | |||
| 1 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 23.5 | −1.0 | 1.5 | |||
| 2 | 24.7 | 29.2 | 26.7 | 28 | 4.5 | 1.3 | |||
| 3 | 23 | 18.6 | 21.4 | 16.8 | −4.4 | −4.6 | |||
| 4 | 12.3 | 10 | 10.8 | 9.7 | −2.3 | −1.1 | |||
| 5 | 4.7 | 2.2 | <0.001 | 2.9 | 3.1 | <0.001 | −2.5 | 0.2 | 0.01 |
| RFC/day § | 10.1 ± 5.4 | 13.9 ± 5.9 | <0.001 | 10.1 ± 5.3 | 11.4 ± 5.4 | <0.001 | 1.8 | 1.3 | <0.001 |
| DFC/day § | 5.6 ± 3.1 | 2.6 ± 2.8 | <0.001 | 5.6 ± 3.9 | 3.9 ± 2.9 | <0.001 | −3.0 | −1.8 | <0.001 |
| DCI § | 2.6 ± 2.7 | 6.9 ± 6.0 | <0.001 | 2.6 ± 2.2 | 4.3 ± 4.5 | <0.001 | 4.5 | 1.9 | <0.001 |
RFC = Recommended Food Consumption; DFC = Discouraged Food Consumption; DCI = Dietary Compliance Index. * p of before–after analysis using Student’s t test for continuous variables and chi-squared test for percentages ** p of Δ differences using Student’s t test. § Data were available for 1298 women (659 IG and 639 CG) due to missing values in same food items in the diaries.