Table 1.
Data are presented as absolute frequencies (relative frequencies), mean ± SD, or median (first quartile to third quartile). Scale variables were compared with the paired Student t test. Binary variables were compared with the χ2 test. ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CAD, coronary artery disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GLP-1RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; P, P of model of the ANOVA for comparisons between groups; and SGLT-2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.
| All Patients (n = 160) |
Insulin (n = 40) |
GLP-1RA (n = 40) |
SGLT-2i (n = 40) |
GLP-1RA+SGLT-2i (n = 40) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 58 ± 10 | 57 ± 10 | 57 ± 9 | 58 ± 10 | 58 ± 9 | 0.518 |
| BMI, Kg/m2 | 30 ± 3 | 29.7 ± 3 | 30 ± 4 | 29.8 ± 3 | 30.5 ± 3 | 0.652 |
| CAD, n (%) | 54 (34) | 14 (35) | 13 (32.5) | 13 (32.5) | 14 (35) | 0.869 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.833 |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 6.5 (2–10) | 6.7 (1–9) | 5.9 (1–8) | 6.6 (1–11) | 6.8 (2–12) | 0.446 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 85 ± 10 | 86 ± 9 | 85 ± 8 | 85 ± 10 | 83 ± 11 | 0.315 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 152 ± 42 | 158 ± 48 | 152 ± 45 | 145 ± 34 | 151 ± 40 | 0.474 |
| Sex (male/female), n (%) | 115/45 (72/28) | 28/12 (70/30) | 27/13 (67.5/32.5) | 30/10 (75/25) | 30/10 (75/25) | 0.151 |
| TC, mg/dL | 172 ± 42 | 178 ± 43 | 172 ± 38 | 163 ± 37 | 175 ± 50 | 0.237 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 99 ± 26 | 104 ± 27 | 101 ± 26 | 92 ± 21 | 100 ± 30 | 0.361 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 42 ± 12 | 46 ± 12 | 41 ± 11 | 39 ± 9 | 43 ± 14 | 0.545 |
| TG, mg/dL | 155 ± 44 | 143 ± 42 | 158 ± 41 | 157 ± 44 | 161 ± 48 | 0.198 |
| Risk factors, n (%) | ||||||
| Current smoking | 64 (40) | 15 (37.5) | 17 (42.5) | 16 (40) | 16 (40) | 0.837 |
| Dyslipidemia | 160 (100) | 40 (100) | 40 (100) | 40 (100) | 40 (100) | 1.000 |
| Family history CAD | 51 (32) | 12 (30) | 11 (27.5) | 15 (37.5) | 13 (32.5) | 0.392 |
| Hypertension | 97 (61) | 24 (60) | 24 (60) | 24 (60) | 25 (62.5) | 0.789 |
| Cardiovascular medications, n (%) | ||||||
| ACEI or ARB | 80 (50) | 20 (50) | 19 (47.5) | 21 (52.5) | 20 (50) | 0.734 |
| Aldosterone antagonists | 7 (4) | 1 (2.5) | 2 (5) | 1 (2.5) | 3 (7.5) | 0.827 |
| Antiplatelet | 57 (36) | 14 (35) | 13 (32.5) | 15 (37.5) | 15 (37.5) | 0.898 |
| Beta blockers | 78 (49) | 18 (45) | 19 (47.5) | 21 (52.5) | 20 (50) | 0.753 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 40 (25) | 10 (25) | 9 (22.5) | 10 (25) | 11 (27.5) | 0.512 |
| Diuretics | 28 (17.5) | 6 (15) | 5 (12.5) | 8 (20) | 9 (22.5) | 0.969 |
| Fibrate | 10 (6) | 2 (5) | 2 (5) | 3 (7.5) | 3 (7.5) | 0.787 |
| Statins | 160 (100) | 40 (100) | 40 (100) | 40 (100) | 40 (100) | 1.000 |
| Antidiabetic medications, n (%) | ||||||
| Metformin | 109 (68) | 29 (72.5) | 25 (62.5) | 27 (67.5) | 28 (70) | 0.192 |