Table 1.

Classification of CMD [12].

Type	Clinical Setting	Pathogenesis
1—no myocardial diseases or obstructive coronary artery disease	Microvascular angina	Endothelial dysfunction Smooth muscle cell dysfunction Vascular remodeling
2—myocardial diseases	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Aortic stenosis Dilated cardiomyopathy Amyloidosis Myocarditis	Smooth muscle cell dysfunction Vascular remodeling Extramural compression
3—obstructive coronary artery disease	Stable angina or acute coronary syndrome	Endothelial dysfunction Smooth muscle cell dysfunction Luminal obstruction
4—iatrogenic	Percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting	Luminal obstruction Autonomic dysfunction