Figure 5.

mRNA expression levels of Wnt-TGFβ2 signaling components using qRT-PCR analysis. Real-time qRT-PCR was performed to examine the mRNA expression levels of canonical WNT-TGFβ2 signaling components, including the Wnt transducers β-Catenin (A), total GSK3β (B), SMAD7 (C), and TGFβ2 (D). Data were normalized to the average mRNA level of GAPDH. One-way ANOVA analyses were used to study the effect of different TM cells treatments on Wnt-TGFβ2 genes expression. Data represent means ± SD from three independent experiments performed in triplicates. One-way ANOVA was used to determine statistical difference, as indicated by asterisks (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).