Table 1.

Measuring heart rate methods and weak points of the general and traditional method.

Method	Technique	Device	Weak Point
ECG (Electrocar- diogram)	Measures the electrical pulses generated by the body during each cardiac cycle	Electrodes	Difficult to position correctly, affected by body movement, electrodes become loose when the body is sweaty
Sphygmomano- meter	A method for measuring changes in arterial pressure that vary with heart pulsation	Sphygmomano- meter	Affected by body movement
Cardiogram	Measure the sound generated by the pulsation of the heart	Finger, stethoscope, microphone	Affected by hand and finger movement
Photoelectric pulse	Near-infrared light is applied to the skin surface and the reflected light is received by a photodiode or other device	Smartwatch	Affected by body movement, touching condition of fingers, skins, etc.