Table 3.
Comparison table of wearable-type heartbeat measuring methods in this review. NA means that no description of accuracy can be found.
| Measuring Methods |
Developers/ Authors |
Year | Technology | Accuracy Compared to ECG |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wristwatch- type |
Apple [31] Empatica [32] Garmin [33] Fitbit [34] Jawbone [35] |
2015 | Flashing a green LED light behind the watch several hundred times per second |
Acceptable, 0.67 0.996 (during aerobic exercise) |
| Ring-type | Jung et al. [53] | 2007 | Flashing an LED light inside the ring several hundred times per second |
NA |
| Oura [54] | 2016 | R2 = 0.996 for resting HR and R2 = 0.980 for HRV |
||
| TheTOUCH [55] | 2016 | NA | ||
| Necklace-type | Fujitsu [56] | 2015 | Wear the ear clip sensor on the ear to acquire vital data |
NA |
| Shirt-type | Kasai et al. [57] | 2015 | Measure pulse waves by the electrode in the shirt |
NA |