Figure 3.

Impact of micronutrient deficiency on plant growth and soil quality on a micronutrient-deficient soil. (a) Mechanisms of biosurfactant application enhancing micronutrient availability in micronutrient-deficient soil to the plant, soil quality, and related water quality through increasing nutrient solubility at a fixed concentration of biosurfactant molecule. (b) C.M.C. at which there is a sudden increase in metal solubility in the system. Figures are adapted and modified from Mulligan [13] and Singh et al. [114].