Table 2.
(A). Different types of biosurfactants produced from bacterial strains. (B). Different types of biosurfactants produced from fungal strains. (C). Different types of biosurfactants produced from yeast strains.
| (A). Different Types of Biosurfactants Produced from Bacterial Strains | ||||
| Bacterial Strains | Biosurfactants | Properties | Isolation Source | References |
| Pontibacter korlensis strain SBK-47 | Pontifactin | Surface-active, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activities | Coastal waters of Karaikal, Puducherry, India | [23] |
| Bacillus licheniformis | Lipopeptides | Heat resistance and capacity to emulsify oils used in cosmetics | Deception Island (Antarctica) | [24] |
| Paracoccus sp. MJ9 | Rhamnolipid | Enhance solubility of hydrophobic compounds | Jiaozhou Bay in Qingdao, Shandong Province | [25] |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCP0992 | Rhamnolipids | High emulsifying activities against different oils, capacity to remove hydrophobic contaminants, and did not show toxicity |
Centre of Research in Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Brazil |
[26] |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA1 | Rhamnolipid | Capacity to use as carbon sources | Oil production wastewater in the northeast of Brazil | [27] |
| Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112 | Rhamnolipid | Degradation of textile dye |
National Center for Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Pune, India | [28] |
| Serratia marcescens SS-1 | Serrawettins | Produces lipopeptide surfactants, having the capability to reduce surface tension |
Taiwan | [29] |
| Bacillus subtilis | Cyclic lipopeptides |
A significant reduction in the activities of acetylcholinesterase, a-carboxylesterase, and acid phosphatases | Namakkal and Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, India | [30] |
| Bacillus subtilis | Pumilacidin | Antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) | Tree trunk near lake Yamanaka, Japan | [31] |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa S5 | Glycolipid | Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA) | [32] |
| Pseudomonas protegens F6 | Orfamide A | Insecticidal against Myzus persicae | Soil from previously reported diesel oil-contaminated site | [33] |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa DS9 | Rhamnolipid | Antifungal agents against F. sacchari in pokkah boeng Disease |
Lakota oil-field of Sivsagar district, Assam, India |
[34] |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens BD5 | Pseudofactin II | Antiadhesive activity and disinfectant | Freshwater from the Arctic Archipelago of Svalbard | [35] |
| Bacillus sp. BS3 | Lipopeptide | Anticancer activity and antiviral properties |
Solar salt works in Tamilnadu, India |
[36] |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Rhamnolipid | Enhanced oil recovery through anaerobic production of Rhamnolipid | Daqing oilfield-produced water | [37] |
| Bacillus subtilis A21 | Lipopeptide | Removal of petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals | Adityapur Industrial Area, Jharkhand | [38] |
| Rhodotorula bogoriensis | Sophorolipid | Antimicrobial property against Propionibacterium acnes | American Type Culture Collection | [39] |
| (B). Different Types of Biosurfactants Produced from Fungal Strains | ||||
| Fungi | Biosurfactants | Properties | Isolation Source | References |
| Candida utilis | Emulsifiers | Emulsifiers | Culture collection from the Department of Antibiotics of the Universidade Federal de, Pernambuco, Brazil | [40] |
| Candida lipolytica UCP 0988 | Lipopeptide | Not toxic against different vegetable seed | Culture collection of Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil | [41] |
| Penicillium chrysogenum SNP5 | Lipopeptide | Role in pharmaceuticals as well as in the petroleum and oil industry | Soil-contaminated grease waste | [42] |
| Cunninghamella echinulata | Complex Carbohydrate/protein/lipid | Reduce and increase the viscosity of hydrophobic substrates and their molecules |
Caatinga soil of Pernambuco, Northeast of Brazil |
[43] |
| Candida Antarctica | Mixtures of 4 mannosylerythritol lipids | Produced the lipids from different vegetable oils | Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, the Netherlands | [44] |
| Microsphaeropsis sp. | Eremophilane derivative | Antimicrobial properties | Waters around the Caribbean Island of Dominica | [45] |
|
Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3589 |
Bioemulsifier | Increased the hydrophobicity of the cells during the growth phase | Seawater near Mumbai, India |
[46] |
| Yarrowia lipolytica IMUFRJ50682 | Carbohydrate protein complex |
Capable of stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions | Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro | [47] |
| Ustilago maydis | Cellobiose lipids | Secreted cellobiose lipid having antifungal activity | - | [48] |
| Torulopsis bombicola | Sophorose lipid | Sophorose lipid fermentation | American Type Culture Collection | [49] |
| Aspergillus ustus | Glycolipoprote | Antimicrobial activity | Peninsular coast of India | [50] |
| Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 | Sophorolipid | Used in low-end consumer products and household application | American Type Culture Collection | [51] |
| Ustilago maydis FBD12 | Glycolipids | Antimicrobial activity | American Type Culture Collection | [52] |
| (C). Different Types of Biosurfactants Produced from Yeast Strains | ||||
| Yeast | Biosurfactants | Properties | Isolation source | References |
| Starmerella bombicola | Sophorolipids | Cytotoxic effect on MDA-MB-321 breast cancer cell line | Fungal Biodiversity Centre |
[53] |
|
Torulopsis Petrophilum ATCC 20225 |
Glycolipids | Protein emulsifier | American Type Culture Collection | [54] |
| Kluyveromyces marxianus FII 510700 | Mannanoprotein | Source of emulsifier in the food industry | Culture Collection of the University of New South Wales, UNSW | [55] |
| Pseudozyma aphids, DSM 70725 and DSM 14930 | Mannosylerythritol lipids | Foam formation | Deutsche Stammsammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (DSMZ), Braunschweig, Germany | [56] |
| Pseudozyma tsukubaensis | Glycolipid | Producing diastereomer MEL-B from vegetable oils | Leaves of Perilla frutescens on Ibaraki in Japan | [57] |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae URM 6670 | Glycolipid | Antioxidant activity and cytotoxic potential | Culture Collection of the Department of Antibiotics of the Federal University of Pernambuco (Brazil) | [58] |
| Trichosporon asahii | Sophorolipid | Efficient degrader of diesel oil, higher hydrophobicity, emulsification activity, and surface tension reduction | Petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil in India | [59] |
| Meyerozyma guilliermondii YK32 | Sophorolipid | Emulsification properties | Soil samples collected from hydrocarbon-polluted locations of Hisar, Haryana | [60] |
| Rhodotorula babjevae YS3 | Sophorolipid | Antimicrobial activity | Agricultural field in Assam, Northeast India | [61] |
| Pichia caribbica | Xylolipid | Reduced the surface the tension of distilled water |
Microbial type culture collection, India | [62] |
| Candida ishiwadae Y12 | Monoacylglycerols: Glycolipid | Exhibited high surfactant activities | Plant material in Thailand | [63] |