Table 3.

The common substrates used in biosurfactant production and their yields.

Substrate	Conc. (gL−1)	Microorganisms	Yield (gL−1)	References
Glucose	40	P. aeruginosa	0.3	[72]
	40	B. subtilis	3.6	[73]
	40	B. subtilis	0.72	[74]
	30	B. pumilus	0.72	[75]
	20	P. aeruginosa	3.88	[76]
	10	B. subtilis	0.16	[77]
	-	Pseudomonas sp.	0.35	[78]
Sucrose	20	P. putida	1.30	[79]
Glucose and fructose	16.55	B. subtilis	0.93	[80]
Glucose + Yeast extract	1:3	Bacillus sp.	2.56	[81]
Glycerol + yeast extract	30:5	P. aeruginosa	2.7	[82]
Yeast extract	1	P. taiwanensis	1.12	[83]
Yeast extract	2	Bacillus sp.	2.5	[84]
NaNO3	0.2 M	P. aeruginosa	2.73	[85]
NaNO3	5	B. subtilis	1.12	[86]
Peptone	4	Serratia marcescens	1.2	[81]
NH4NO3	1	P. fluorescens	2	[87]