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(a) Shielding efficiency of a 30-mm-thick uniform layer of different materials: silicon, epoxy, HDPE, and cement. (b) Shielding efficiency of a 30-mm-thick uniform layer of epoxy (light gray), of 10-mm-thick epoxy-biochar layers, with different biochar volume fractions (from f = 0.12, red, to f = 0.3, blue), and of a shield with thickness 30 mm and f = 0.3 (black). (c,d): same as (b), but for HDPE and cement.
