Table 4.

Summary of electrochemical reduction process described in the text grouped by materials fabricated.

Materials	Authors, Year	Purpose	Findings	Remarks
Gold	Ye et al., 2010 [52]	Deposit gold microstructures on the ITO substrate	It had significant superhydrophobicity even in corrosive solutions with a wide pH range.	The fabricated surface has higher electro catalytic activity and stability to the electro oxidation of ethanol.
	Shi et al., 2005 [53].	Produce superhydrophobic coatings on gold wires	A small amount of micro/nano gold aggregates were formed on the surface of gold wire. The superhydrophobic coating with micro/nano gold aggregates could provide more bending force.	This understanding opens up new application prospects for bionic drag reduction and rapid advancement technology.
	Ren et al., 2009 [54].	Obtain hierarchical cauliflower-like gold structures	The surface of the cauliflower-like structure presented a high contact angle (WCA = 161.9°) and a low sliding angle.	The proposed two-step method for supporting electrochemical structures of gold micro/nano structures could be used in the ITO/glass substrates.
	Shepherdet al., 2020 [55].	Obtain heterogeneously mixed monolayers on the surface of polycrystalline gold	A local hydrophobic environment was formed near the molecular membrane.	It is expected to be used in the fields of anti-oxidation or anti-corrosion, chemical/biochemical sensors, etc. in the future.
Silver	Zhao et al., 2005 [56].	Making Ag aggregate dendritic structure on the polyelectrolyte multilayer film substrate	The prepared WCA was as high as 154°, and it became superhydrophobic.	The electrochemical deposition technology is used to control the density and morphology of the silver aggregates deposited on the multilayer film, which provides a possible new method for manufacturing self-cleaning surfaces.
	Gu et al., 2008 [57].	Grow single crystal Ag dendrites on Ni/Cu substrates	A superhydrophobic surface with a WCA of 154.5°+/−1.0° and an inclination angle of less than 2° could be obtained.	This method does not require a template and is simple and practical. Therefore, This self-cleaning surface has potential applications in nanotechnology.
Copper and copper oxides	Huang et al., 2011 [58].	Fabricate a particulate superhydrophobic aluminum surface	The aluminum substrate had a superhydrophobic surface with a roughness of 6–7 μm (WCA = 157°).	Nanostructured superhydrophobic aluminum surfaces can be prepared by two step processes: electrochemical deposition and electrochemical modification.
Si and Ag +	Yang et al., 2011 [59].	Fabricate a silicon micro/nano layered structure	By adjusting the process parameters, the morphology of the nanostructures could be partially controlled.	The superhydrophobic silicon surface produced by the ECM method has broad application prospects in micro/nano electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS).
Others	Huang et al., 2011 [60].	Deposit composite coating with a thorn-like hierarchical structure with high roughness	The geometry of this hierarchical structure could be controlled to make the contact angle as high as 174.9°.	Because this method saves time and money, it has broad application prospects in the industrial field.
	Xue et al., 2019 [61].	Fabricate a bimetallic NiCo coating with a layered micro-sphere structure on a carbon steel substrate	The layered micro-sphere structure of NiCo coating had a very high contact angle (about 165°) and exhibited superhydrophobic properties.	It has good anti-corrosion performance for bare carbon steel.
	Wang et al., 2020 [62].	Fabricate superhydrophobic cobalt-nickel coatings reinforced by micro/nano tungsten carbide (WC) particles	The prepared superhydrophobic Co-Ni/WC composite coating (with a WC content of 9.8 wt %) had excellent wear resistance.	The prepared Co-Ni/WC superhydrophobic coating with good mechanical durability is a promising alternative technology for corrosion protection.