Table 1.

Summary of the correlations between high VCP/p97 levels and the different features reported for various cancers.

Cancer Type	Features with which Higher VCP/p97 Levels Correlated	References
Colorectal cancer	greater invasion depth (T3–4), presence of venous invasion, higher tumor stage (III and IV), and higher recurrence rate	[61]
	CEA diagnostic marker	[62]
	carcinogenesis and metastasis development in a xenograft model	[63]
	USP11 levels influence colon cancer drug resistance	[64]
Pancreatic cancer	lymph node metastasis and disease-free and overall survival	[65]
	low levels of miR-198 and poor patient outcomes	[66]
	high levels of Ki-67 and a malignant prognosis	[65]
Liver cancer	shorter disease-free and overall survival	[67]
	low levels of miR-129-5p and HCC development and progression	[68]
	high levels of Neat1 and HCC diagnosis and treatment	[69]
	sorafenib response in HCC cells	[70]
	PTPRO levels	[71]
Gastric cancer	greater tumor size, presence of vascular and lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, and shorter overall and disease free survival	[72]
	cell survival, degradation of cellular regulators, and gastric carcinogenesis	[73,74]
	low levels of CHOP and DR5	[75]
Esophageal cancer	higher frequencies of lymph node metastasis, deeper invasion, metastasis, and shorter disease free and overall survival	[76]
	shorter overall survival	[77]
Breast cancer	shorter overall survival	[78]
	poor outcomes of triple-negative patients receiving chemotherapy	[79,80]
	lower survival rates	[81]
	expression of the SOX2 protein	[82]
Prostate cancer	poor prognosis and increased metastatic potential	[83]
	high levels of IL-6	[84]
	maintenance of mitochondrial activity	[85]
Lung cancer	shorter disease-free and overall survival	[86]
	NSCLC development, progression and metastasis	[87]
	low levels of miR-129 and NSCLC development and progression	[88]
	increased levels of ER stress and EMT markers, chemoresistance and shorter patient survival	[89]
Bone cancer	higher metastatic potential (LM8)	[90,91]
	expression of the Aurora B protein	[92]
	low levels of miR-129-5p and osteosarcoma development and progression	[93]
	autophagy, anoikis resistance and osteosarcoma metastasis	[94]
	apoptotic response modulated by SAP	[95]
	cellular transformation and tumorigenesis	[96]
Head and neck cancer	tumor stages, lymph node metastasis and shorter overall survival	[97]
	development of carcinoma in situ lesions and invasivity	[98]
	better 5-year disease-free survival rates for HPV-negative patients	[99]
	clinical outcomes of chemo-radiotherapy	[100]
Thyroid cancer	disease recurrence in patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma	[101]
	BPA exposure	[102]
	shorter disease-free survival and an increased risk of recurrence in patients with papillary thyroid cancer subjected to ablative radioiodine treatment	[103]
Hematological cancer	tumor grade, stage, histological subtype, recurrence and shorter overall and disease-free survival of patients with B-cell lymphoma	[104]
	multiple myeloma development and progression	[105]
	poor prednisone responders in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia	[106]
	exosome generation and secretion in Jurkat tumor cells	[107]
Melanoma	advanced radiotherapy	[108]
	immune escape	[109]
Glioblastoma	radiosensitivity of glioblastoma cells, and survival time of xenografted mice with radiation treatment	[110,111]
	HDAC6 levels and temozolomide resistance therapy	[112]
Ovarian cancer	chemotherapy response in patients receiving the platinum-taxane combination	[113]
Testicular cancer	development of different types of human testicular tumors	[114]
Bladder cancer	shorter survival following bladder removal by cystectomy	[115]
Squamous cell carcinoma	development of squamous cell carcinoma	[116]