| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| CNS | Central nervous system |
| ENS | Enteric nervous system |
| Veh | Vehicle |
| WT | Wild type |
| ABX | Antibiotics |
| Syn | Synbiotic (Antibiotics plus probiotics) |
| CFU | colony forming units |
| Iba1 | Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 |
| GFAP | Glial fibrillary acidic protein |
| Aβ | Amyloid beta |
| PBS | Phosphate buffered saline |
| ELISA | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| BCA | Bicinchoninic acid |
| SEM | standard error of the mean |
| ANOVA | analysis of variance |
| VSL#3 | commercially available probiotic containing eight type of bacteria |
| APP | amyloid precursor protein |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |