Table 2.

Descriptive statistics and preliminary tests for data of gold price, cryptocurrency return, and COVID-19.

Variable	Period	Min	${\mathit{Q}}_1$	Mean	Median	${\mathit{Q}}_3$	Max	SD *	JB Test **
Gold	Pre-COVID-19	1235	1292	1391	1400	1490	1573	$101.29$	31
	COVID-19	1474	1720	1792	1800	1880	2067	113	12
	Both periods	1235	1429	1617	1617	1817	2067	$226.07$	51
BTC	Pre-COVID-19	$-0.1518$	$-0.0156$	$0.0018$	$0.0009$	$0.0188$	$0.1600$	$0.0376$	137
	COVID-19	$-0.4647$	$-0.0147$	$0.0036$	$0.0033$	$0.0232$	$0.1718$	$0.0477$	$9767.9$
	Both periods	$-0.4647$	$-0.0151$	$0.0028$	$0.0018$	$0.0210$	$0.1718$	$0.0436$	12196
ETH	Pre-COVID-19	$-0.1833$	$-0.0212$	$0.0003$	$-0.0012$	$0.0183$	$0.1661$	$0.0453$	96
	COVID-19	$-0.5507$	$-0.0203$	$0.0043$	$0.0052$	$0.0354$	$0.2256$	$0.0618$	5793
	Both periods	$-0.5507$	$-0.0204$	$0.0026$	$0.0016$	$0.0293$	$0.2256$	$0.0552$	8429
BNB	Pre-COVID-19	$-0.1929$	$-0.0235$	$0.0027$	$0.0005$	$0.0310$	$0.1787$	$0.0489$	43
	COVID-19	$-0.5428$	$-0.0216$	$0.0058$	$0.0038$	$0.0327$	$0.5292$	$0.0752$	$4002.3$
	Both periods	$-0.5428$	$-0.0232$	$0.0045$	$0.002$	$0.0323$	$0.5292$	$0.0650$	7818
ADA	Pre-COVID-19	$-0.2877$	$0.0000$	$-0.0018$	$0.0000$	$0.0000$	$0.2877$	$0.0777$	317
	COVID-19	$-0.6931$	$-0.0082$	$0.0042$	$0.0000$	$0.0217$	$0.4055$	$0.0940$	1817
	Both periods	$-0.6931$	$0.0000$	$0.0016$	$0.0000$	$0.0000$	$0.4055$	$0.0873$	2550
XRP	Pre-COVID-19	$-0.1542$	$-0.0317$	$-0.0018$	$0.0000$	$0.0000$	$0.2171$	$0.0445$	109
	COVID-19	$-0.5486$	$-0.0339$	$0.0011$	$0.0000$	$0.0392$	$0.3474$	$0.0814$	1657
	Both periods	$-0.5486$	$-0.0328$	$-0.0002$	$0.0000$	$0.0317$	$0.3474$	$0.0678$	4590
DOGE	Pre-COVID-19	$-0.1156$	$-0.0182$	$0.0003$	$-0.0024$	$0.0133$	$0.1803$	$0.0377$	452
	COVID-19	$-0.4523$	$-0.0244$	$0.0091$	$-0.0006$	$0.0218$	$1.3235$	$0.1163$	36,238
	Both periods	$-0.4523$	$-0.0208$	$0.0053$	$-0.0017$	$0.0179$	$1.3235$	$0.0909$	154,646

* SD stands for standard deviation and ** all JB p-values are significant at 1%.