Figure A1.
Central Illustration Legend: Six overlapping and interlinked (not shown) pathways are implicated in atrial fibrillation pathophysiology: electric remodeling, structural remodeling, autonomic instability, hyperinflammatory milieu, metabolic stress, and epicardial adipose tissue paracrine effects. The common endpoint is the initiation and maintenance of arrhythmic events. IK1—inwardly rectifying potassium current; IK,Ach—acetylcholine-activated potassium current; ANS—autonomic nervous system; Cx—connexin; TGF-β—tissue growth factor β; PDGF—platelet-derived growth factor; AngII—angiotensin II; FGF23—fibroblast growth factor 23; CTGF—connective tissue growth factor; ECM—extracellular matrix; EAT—epicardial adipose tissue; Angptl2—angiopoietin-like protein 2.