Table 2.
Multi-omics studies focused on BC tumor metabolic subtyping.
| Study | Sample | Omics Data | Group Comparison |
Major Findings * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moestue et al. [63] | Tissue | M+T | Basal- vs. luminal-like |
↑ GPC/PCho and glycine ↓ CHKA/B ↑ PLA2G4A, PLB1, CHDH and SARDH |
| Grinde et al. [64] | Tissue | M+T | Basal- vs. luminal-like |
↓ PCho/GPC |
| Putluri et al. [65] | Cell lines + Tissue | M+T | Basal- vs. luminal-like |
↓ phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, BCAA, lauric acid and oleic acid ↑ guanine, adenine, thymine, uracil, xanthine, and guanosine |
| Mahendralingam et al. [66] | Tissue | P+T | Basal- vs. luminal-like |
↑ glycolysis (PFKM, ALDOC, GAPDH, and PKM) and ↓ OXPHOS |
| Tang et al. [67] | Tissue | G+M+T | ER+ vs. ER- | ↓ carnitine derivates and short- and medium-chain fatty acids ↑ long-chain fatty acids and monoacylglycerols |
| Barupal et al. [68] | Tissue | M+P+T | ER+ vs. ER- | ↑ R5P, adenine, guanosine, guanine, xanthine, and hypoxanthine and β-alanine ↑ G6PD, PGD, TKT, PGM1, RPIA, DERA |
| Hilvo et al. [60] | Tissue | L+T | ER+ vs. ER- | ↑ palmitate and myristic acid |
| Haukaas et al. [48] | Tissue | M+T+P | Primary BC subtyping | MC1: ↑ GPC, PCho ↓ acetate and glutamine ↑ CHKA ↓ ALDH and GLS MC2: ↑ glucose MC3: ↑ lactate and alanine |
| Gong et al. [69] | Tissue | M+T | TNBC subtyping |
MPS1: ↑ myristic, palmitoleic, oleic, and arachidonic acid ↑ ACACA, HMGCR, FASN, SCD MPS2: ↑ glucose 1-phosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, lactate and adenosine 3′ 5′ -diphosphate and ↓ glucose ↑ PFKP, ENO2, TYMS, CTPS1, SLC2A1, SLC16A1 |
ACACA: acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, ALDH: aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDOC: aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate C, BC: breast cancer, BCAA: branched-chain amino acid, CHDH: choline dehydrogenase, CHKA: choline kinase alpha, CHKB: choline kinase beta, CTPS1: CPT synthase 1, DERA: deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase, ENO2: enolase 2, ER: estrogen receptor, FASN: fatty acid synthase, G: genomics, GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GLS: glutaminase, GPC: glycerophosphocholine, G6PD: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, HMGCR: HMG-CoA reductase, L: lipidomics, M: metabolomics, OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation, P: proteomics, PCho: phosphocholine, PKFM: phosphofructokinase (muscle), PFKP: phosphofructokinase (platelet), PGD: phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, PGM1: phosphoglucomutase 1, PKM: pyruvate kinase M1/2, PLA2G4A: phospholipase A2 group IVA, PLB1: phospholipase B1, PPP: pentose phosphate pathway, RPIA: ribose 5-phosphate isomerase 1, R5P: ribose-5-phosphate, SARDH: sarcosine dehydrogenase, SCD: stearoyl-CoA desaturase, SLC2A1: solute carrier family 2 member 1, SLC16A1: solute carrier family 16 member 2, T: transcriptomics, TCA: tricarboxylic acid, TKT: transketolase, TNBC: triple negative breast cancer, TYMS: thymidylate synthetase. * Direction of variation, considering luminal or ER+ BC group as a reference.