Table 3.

Multi-omics studies focused on identifying metabolic alterations associated with BC prognosis.

Study	Sample	Omics Data	Major Findings *
Putluri et al. [65]	Cell lines + Tissue	M+T	↑ RRM2 (pyrimidine metabolism)
Luo et al. [61]	Blood + Tissue	M+T	↑ RRM2 (pyrimidine metabolism) and ↓ AMPD1 (de novo purine metabolism)
Iqbal et al. [59]	Tissue	M+T	↑ CBX2 and ↓ CBX7 (glycolysis)
Camarda et al. [102]	Cell lines + Tissue	M+T	↓ ACC2 (FAO)
Kang et al. [116]	Cell lines	L+T	↓ ELOVL2 (lipid synthesis)
Terunuma et al. [107]	Tissue	M+T+P+E	↑ 2HG, SAM and SAH ↑ IDH2 (glutamine metabolism)
Budczies et al. [106]	Tissue	M+T	↓ ABAT, ↑ β-alanine (β-alanine metabolism)

ABAT: 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, ACC2: acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2, AMPD1: adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1, CBX2: chromobox 2, CBX7: chromobox 7, E: epigenomics, ELOVL2: ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2, FAO: fatty acid oxidation, L: lipidomics, IDH2: isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2, M: metabolomics, P: proteomics, RRM2: ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2, SAH: S-adenosylhomocysteine, SAM: S-adenosyl- methionine, T: transcriptomics, 2HG: 2-hydroxyglutarate. * Direction of metabolic alterations directly correlated with worse BC patients’ outcomes.