Figure 2.

After a SCI, there is an acute drop in systemic norepinephrine (NE) and an increase in plasma glucocorticoids (GCs) released by the adrenal glands. Chronically, increased neural circuit plasticity results in sympathetic hyperreflexia and release of NE by sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons, including those targeting the spleen and other lymphoid organs such as the bone marrow. These changes after SCI result in measurable altered immune profile and function. Created using BioRender.com accessed on 2 September 2021.