TABLE 1.
Baseline Clinical Findings and Cortical Excitability in the Participants Receiving Different Repetitive TMS Protocols
| Age, yr | 62.7 ± 6.8 | 62.1 ± 5.7 | 62.1 ± 5.7 | 0.959 |
| Men | 10 (59%) | 9 (53%) | 7 (44%) | 0.684 |
| Women | 7 (41%) | 8 (47%) | 9 (56%) | 0.684 |
| Disease measures | ||||
| LEDD, mg/day | 484.2 ± 336.4 | 512.5 ± 359.9 | 493.3 ± 523.9 | 0.979 |
| Disease duration, yr | 5.2 ± 3.4 | 7.5 ± 4.9 | 6.9 ± 3.3 | 0.220 |
| H&Y, range = 1–5 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 0.670 |
| MDS-UPDRS-III, range = 0–132 | 27.9 ± 10.5 | 27.1 ± 9.6 | 29.7 ± 10.6 | 0.762 |
| Gait and mobility measures | ||||
| Fastest walking speed, cm·s−1 | 149.5 ± 24.7 | 153.1 ± 27.3 | 156.1 ± 30.2 | 0.788 |
| TUG, s | 20.8 ± 4.0 | 18.3 ± 2.5 | 19.3 ± 2.5 | 0.080 |
| DT-TUG, s | 27.9 ± 8.8 | 24.0 ± 7.0 | 25.5 ± 5.6 | 0.297 |
| Electrophysiological measures | ||||
| RMT, % TMS output intensity | 47.8 ± 8.5 | 47.5 ± 9.8 | 49.7 ± 7.9 | 0.746 |
| Slope of RC | 0.51 ± 0.30 | 0.53 ± 0.39 | 0.61 ± 0.32 | 0.659 |
| CSP, ms | 176.5 ± 50.0 | 164.6 ± 39.8 | 183.9 ± 38.9 | 0.451 |
| SICI, % | 56.4 ± 27.0 | 49.4 ± 24.1 | 62.2 ± 33.1 | 0.518 |
Values are mean ± standard deviation.
CSP = cortical silent period; DT = dual-task; H&Y = Hoehn & Yhar stage; LEDD = L-dopa equivalent daily dose; MDS-UPDRS-III = Part III (motor section) of Movement Disorders Society–Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; RC = recruitment curve; RMT = resting motor threshold; SICI = short-interval intracortical inhibition; TMS = transcranial magnetic stimulation; TT = treadmill training (TT); TUG = timed up-and-go test.