Table 4.
Frequency of detection (%) and concentration of immune factors in fecal samples from the recruited participants before (day 0) and at the end (day 120) of the trial period.
| Day 0 | Day 120 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immune Factor | Frequency of Detection | Median (IQR) or Mean (95%CI) |
Frequency of Detection | Median (IQR) or Mean (95%CI) |
p-Value a | p-Value |
| APRIL/TNFSF13, μg/L | 12 (55%) | 1.72 (1.22–2.23) | 11 (50%) | 1.48 (0.99–1.97) | >0.99 | 0.0111 s |
| BAFF/TNFSF13B, μg/L | 22 (100%) | 1.21 [0.96–1.51] | 22 (100%) | 0.49 [0.31–0.68] | >0.99 | <0.001 n |
| Chitinase 3-like 1, μg/L | 21 (95%) | 0.35 [0.21–0.56] | 22 (100%) | 0.31 [0.20–0.44] | >0.99 | 0.0822 n |
| IFNα2, ng/L | 0 (0%) | 0 | 5 (23%) | 15.56 [12.12–17.87] | 0.048 | - |
| IFNβ, ng/L | 6 (27%) | 2.72 (1.52–3.92) | 9 (41%) | 2.82 (1.81–3.83) | 0.52 | 0.407 s |
| IFNγ, ng/L | 4 (18%) | 5.42 [4.09–5.81] | 0 (0%) | 0 | 0.100 | - |
| IL8, ng/L | 8 (36%) | 3.79 [2.20–6.34] | 7 (32%) | 1.15 [0.51–2.27] | >0.99 | - |
| IL11, ng/L | 5 (23%) | 0.36 (0.24–0.49) | 5 (23%) | 0.36 (0.23–0.49) | >0.99 | 0.825 s |
| IL12p40, ng/L | 8 (36%) | 4.99 (1.89–8.09) | 9 (41%) | 4.29 (1.59–6.98) | >0.99 | 0.845 s |
| IL12p70, ng/L | 11 (50%) | 0.21 (0.11–0.31) | 10 (45%) | 0.22 (0.09–0.35) | >0.99 | 0.823 s |
| IL19, ng/L | 7 (32%) | 1.60 [1.19–2.37] | 14 (64%) | 4.05 [3.54–4.88] | 0.21 | 0.016 n |
| IL20, ng/L | 1 (5%) | 0.32 | 0 (0%) | 0 | >0.99 | - |
| IL22, ng/L | 8 (36%) | 2.37 (1.21–3.54) | 10 (45%) | 1.39 (0.66–2.12) | 0.75 | 0.079 s |
| IL26, ng/L | 11 (50%) | 1.28 (0.41–2.14) | 12 (55%) | 0.91 (0.41–1.41) | >0.99 | 0.675 s |
| IL27p28, ng/L | 9 (41%) | 0.55 [0.44–3.76] | 8 (36%) | 0.37 [0.21–0.87] | >0.99 | 0.813 n |
| IL28A/IFNλ2, ng/L | 3 (14%) | 4.52 [4.225–4.78] | 3 (14%) | 0.73 [0.565–1.91] | >0.99 | - |
| IL32, ng/L | 21 (95%) | 6.50 [5.89–8.09] | 20 (91%) | 3.47 [2.67–5.10] | >0.99 | <0.001 n |
| IL34, ng/L | 16 (73%) | 40.57 (30.55–50.59) | 16 (73%) | 19.19 (11.03–27.35) | >0.99 | 0.002 s |
| IL35, ng/L | 16 (73%) | 7.79 [4.23–10.23] | 16 (73%) | 10.33 [6.39–15.56] | >0.99 | 0.005 n |
| LIGHT/TNFSF14, ng/L | 12 (55%) | 1.39 (0.81–1.98) | 14 (64%) | 0.87 (0.43–1.31) | 0.750 | 0.228 s |
| MMP-1, ng/L | 7 (32%) | 26.85 [22.37–89.33] | 3 (14%) | 6.30 [3.96–20.34] | 0.280 | - |
| MMP-2, ng/L | 10 (45%) | 50.10 (23.35–76.86) | 6 (27%) | 70.08 (44.45–95.72) | 0.340 | 0.016 s |
| MMP-3, ng/L | 4 (18%) | 36.61 [29.21–59.21] | 1 (5%) | 23.39 | 0.340 | - |
| Osteocalcin, ng/L | 2 (9%) | 3.27 | 4 (18.18%) | 2.58 [1.99–3.71] | 0.660 | - |
| Osteopontin, ng/L | 22 (100%) | 88.61 [75.96–100.07] | 21 (95%) | 80.70 [74.87–94.65] | >0.99 | 0.128 n |
| Pentraxin 3, ng/L | 12 (55%) | 0.97 (0.39–1.55) | 22 (100%) | 2.84 (2.38–3.30) | 0.34 | <0.001 s |
| TSLP, ng/L | 19 (86%) | 0.94 [0.73- 1.94] | 16 (73%) | 0.86 [0.60–1.78] | 0.450 | 0.551 n |
| TWEAK/TNFSF12, ng/L | 21 (95%) | 3.19 [2.32–4.23] | 21 (95%) | 3.69 [2.62–5.01] | >0.99 | 0.063 n |
| gp130/sIL-6Rb, ng/L | 20 (91%) | 79.57 (67.48 91.65) | 20 (91%) | 71.80 (60.79–82.81) | >0.99 | <0.001 s |
| sCD30/TNFRSF8, ng/L | 11 (50%) | 22.41 [13.51–40.15] | 13 (59%) | 14.87 [4.45–37.20] | 0.76 | 0.831 n |
| sCD163, ng/L | 4 (18%) | 5.07(3.72–6.42) | 5 (23%) | 6.57 (5.72–7.42) | >0.99 | 0.037 s |
| sIL-6Ra, ng/L | 1 (5%) | 10.03 | 6 (27%) | 2.69 [2.35–3.2625] | 0.090 | - |
| sTNF-R1, ng/L | 22 (100%) | 29.62 [19.33–36.86] | 16 (73%) | 4.98 [1.13–9.14] | 0.020 | <0.001 n |
| sTNF-R2, ng/L | 22 (100%) | 19.72 (15.22–24.23) | 14 (64%) | 3.25 (1.18–5.33) | 0.003 | <0.001 s |
a Fisher exact tests were used to evaluate differences in the prevalence/detection rates of the analyzed parameters. n Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to evaluate differences in the concentration of the analyzed parameters with a non-normal distribution. s Paired t-tests were used to evaluate differences in the concentration of the analyzed parameters with a normal distribution. Bold font indicates values having statistically significant differences.