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. 2021 Aug 27;13(9):1345. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091345

Table 3.

Encapsulation of PSs into liposomes in cancer PDT.

Liposomes Liposomal
Formulation		 PS Light Dose Tumor Type Outcomes Ref
Tetraether liposomes DSPC
TELs		 Curcumin 13.2 J/cm2 Ovarian cancer (SK-OV-3)
  • -

    Enhanced photocytotoxicity.

  • -

    Minimal hemolytic effect.

 [59]
DSPC
TELs		 Curcumin 1, 3, and 5 J/cm2 Papillomavirus-related cancer cell lines Enhanced cytotoxicity, reduced colony formation, proliferation, and cell migration rates. [60]
DPPC
TELs		 Hypericin 12.4 J/cm2 SK-OV-3
  • -

    Enhanced photocytotoxicity.

  • -

    High cancer cell uptake.

  • -

    Hemocompatibility.

 [61]
TELs Protoporphyrin IX 672 mJ/cm2 SK-OV-3
  • -

    Improvement of phototoxicity on cancer cells while maintaining lower phototoxicity on normal cells.

 [63]
DPPC
TELs		 Temoporfin
(mTHPC)		 10 J/cm2 SK-OV-3
  • -

    Enhanced cytotoxicity.

  • -

    Hemocompatibility.

 [64]
Stealth Liposomes DPPC
DPPE-mPEG5000		 Temoporfin
(mTHPC)		 10 J/cm2 SK-OV-3
  • -

    Enhanced cytotoxicity.

  • -

    Hemocompatibility.

 [64]
HSPC
DPPE mPEG5000		 Curcumin 2.5 J/cm2 Skin cancer melanoma cells (MUG-Mel2) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-25)
  • -

    Enhanced cytotoxicity on cancer cells.

  • -

    Lower cytotoxicity on normal keratinocyte cells.

 [66]
DPPC
DSPC: DPPE mPEG5000		 mTHPC 5 and 10 J/cm2 SK-OV-3 Enhanced cytotoxicity on cancer cells. [67]
DPPC
DOTAP		 Lapatinib 65 (mW/cm2) Human glioblastoma cancer cell lines (U87, U87vIII) Remarkable reduction in the LD50. [68]
DSPC
DSPE-PEG2000
Cholesterol		 Chlorin e6 100 J/cm2 C26 colon cancer cells
  • -

    Kills 80% of the C26 colon cancer cells.

  • -

    Minimum adverse reactions.

 [69]
DSPC
DPPE mPEG5000Cholesterol		 Chlorin e6 95 mW/cm2 Malignant peripheral nerve sheath cancer
  • -

    Enhanced cytotoxicity on cancer cells.

  • -

    Minimal neurotoxicity.

 [70]
Thermosensitive
liposomes		 DPPC
SoyPC
Chol
DSPE-PEG 2000		 ICG 14 J/cm2 Triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-468 and HCC-1806 cells) Significant cytotoxicity compared to free PS [81]
DPPC
DPPG
DPPE mPEG5000		 IR820 2.5 W/cm2 mouse fore-stomach carcinoma cell (MFC) Significant cytotoxicity [82]
Miscellaneous Liposomes Lipopolyplexes (LPPs) DOPC
DPPC
Cholesterol		 Curcumin 1 J/cm2 SK-OV-3
  • -

    Significant enhancement in the luciferase expression of SK-OV-3.

  • -

    Biocompatibility.

 [86]
Magnetic/photo-responsive liposomes DSPC
Cholesterol
DDAB		 Indocyanine green (ICG) 2 J/cm2 Glioblastoma cancer cells (U87MG) Significant cytotoxicity and accumulation in cancer cells. [87]
Chitosan-coated liposomes DMPC
Cholesterol		 ICG 250 mW Melanoma Improved permeability and phototoxicity. [89]
Zwitterionic liposomes Poly-(12-meth-acryloyloxy)-dodecyl phosphoryl-choline
DSPC		 Methylene blue (MB) 165 mW Breast cancer cells (4T1 cells)
  • -

    Enhanced cytotoxicity on cancer cells.

  • -

    Improved safety.

 [90]