Table 1.

Typical values of magnetic-field induction necessary for the activation of some processes in living cells (in the case of MNPs with R_m = 10 and 15 nm).

No	Process	Evaluation of Necessary Magnetic-Field Induction B, mT		Typical Experimental Threshold Force Measured by SMFS Methods, F, pN	Reference on Experimental Measurement of Force
		Rm = 10 nm	Rm = 15 nm
1.	Activation of various ionic channels	1.35–67.5	0.6–30	0.2–10	[49,119,120]
2.	Protein–protein interaction	6.75–67.5	3–30	1–10	[60,121]
3.	Activation of membrane receptors	67.5–337.5	30–150	10–50	[36,49,119,120]
4.	Bond cleavage between transmembrane protein and membrane	202.5–337.5	90–150	30–50	[120,121]
5.	Antigen–antibody interaction	67.5–675	30–300	10–100	[60,122]
6.	Onset of unfolding of protein macromolecule	135–675	60–300	20–100	[60,123]
7.	Interaction of ligand with receptor	6750	3000	~1000	[120,122]
8.	Interaction of protein with lipid	337.5–675	150–300	50–100	[121,122]
9.	Breaking of covalent bond	6750–33,750	3000–15,000	1000–5000	[60,120]