Table 1.

Various CPP-based oligonucleotide delivery systems designed for different cancerous cells.

CPP	Cargo	Targeted Tumor	Function	Ref.
PT24	Cas9	HeLa and the human lung cancer	Delivery of Cas9 in a single incubation step/high efficiency/low toxicity	[43]
PPABLG	Cas9	HeLa tumor tissue	Suppressing tumor growth/prolonging animal survival rates	[44]
TAT	DNA nanopore	Human Burkitt’s lymphoma	Tumor cell detection with low cytotoxicity	[45]
TAT	BCL-2 siRNA	Human breast cancer	Knockdown of the Bcl-2 protein/Inhibition of cancer cell migration	[46]
R8	RAC1 siRNA	Human lung carcinoma and ovarian adenocarcinoma	Significantly decreasing the oncogenic RAC1 mRNA levels	[47]
cRGD	GFP and Luc mRNA	Human primary glioblastoma	Improving tumor accumulation and potent gene expression	[48]
RL2	EGFP siRNA	Human lung adenocarcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma	Substantially decreasing cancer cell viability	[49]
PepFect 6/ TP10	HPRT1 siRNA	Human hepatocellular carcinoma	Significantly reducing the expression of HPRT1 without acute toxicity	[50]
PepFect 14	SCOs	HeLa cell line	Significant SCO-mediated splice-correction	[51]
PepFect 14	HPRT1 siRNA	Human hepatocellular carcinoma	Induction of the knockdown of endogenous genes	[52]
PepFect 14/28	Firefly luciferase siRNA	Glioblastoma	Increasing gene-silencing efficiency	[53]
gH625	anti-GFP siRNA	Human triple negative breast cancer	Downregulation of GFP expression	[54]
CH2R4H2C	VEGF siRNA	Murine sarcoma	Sufficiently suppressing neovascularization on the tumor surface	[55]
TP–LyP-1	ID4-specific siRNA	Human ovarian cancer	Suppressing the growth of established tumors and significantly improving survival	[56]
TP-iRGD	TNFα siRNA	Human vestibular schwannomas	Silencing genes and protein secretion	[57]
R9	Plk1 siRNA	Human breast cancer	Inhibition of breast tumor growth	[58]
599 Peptide	CIP2A siRNA	Oral cancer cells	Significant CIP2A mRNA and protein silencing resulting in the decreasing of oral cancer cell invasiveness	[59]
TAT-A1	GAPDH siRNA	Human hepatocellular carcinoma	Decreasing mRNA levels	[60]
BR2/R9	VEGF siRNA	Human colon cancer cells/HeLa cells	VEGF silencing/Improving antitumor efficacy without toxicity	[61]

B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2); ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC 1); green fluorescent protein (GFP); enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP); hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1); splice-correcting oligonucleotides (SCOs); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); inhibitor of DNA binding 4 (ID4); tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); polo like kinase 1 (PLK1); cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A); glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).