Table 1.
Antimicrobial activity of 16 marine isolated Vi+ against foodborne and animal pathogens including V. harveyi (Vh), V. parahaemolyticus (Vp), E. coli (Ec), S. typhimurium (Sa), S. aureus (Stp), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), B. cereus (Bc), L. monocytogenes (Li), C. albicans (Ca). (-) No activity, (+) to (+++) reflects increasing bioactivity.
| No | Isolates | Reference Strains | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vh | Vp | Sa | Ec | Bc | Stp | Li | Ca | MRSA | ||
| Sponge-associated isolated Vi+ | ||||||||||
| 1 | PQBB2.1 | - | ++ | - | - | + | - | ++ | - | - |
| 2 | PQBB5.3 | +++ | +++ | + | - | + | - | ++ | - | - |
| 3 | PQBB19.3 | + | + | - | - | + | + | - | - | - |
| 4 | PQBB21.6 | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | - | - |
| 5 | PQBB23.3 | +++ | ++ | - | - | + | - | ++ | - | - |
| 6 | PQBB29.1 | +++ | ++ | - | - | + | - | ++ | - | - |
| 7 | PQBB41.1 | +++ | +++ | + | + | + | - | ++ | - | - |
| Killing percent (%) | 85.7 | 100 | 28.5 | 14.2 | 100 | 14.2 | 85.7 | 0 | 0 | |
| Intestinal isolated Vi+ | ||||||||||
| 8 | NTCL2 | +++ | +++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | - |
| 9 | NTCL3 | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 10 | NTBD1 | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | ++ | + | - |
| 11 | NTBD4 | +++ | +++ | + | + | + | + | ++ | + | - |
| 12 | NTST1 | +++ | +++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - |
| 13 | NTST5 | +++ | ++ | + | + | + | + | ++ | + | - |
| 14 | NTCD2 | ++ | ++ | - | - | + | + | ++ | + | - |
| 15 | NTTB2 | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | + | ++ | - | - |
| 16 | NTTT6 | +++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | - |
| Killing percent (%) | 100 | 100 | 77.7 | 77.7 | 88.9 | 88.9 | 88.9 | 66.7 | 0 | |
| Killing percent by all Vi+ (%) | 93.8 | 100 | 62.5 | 50.0 | 93.8 | 50.0 | 87.5 | 37.5 | 0 | |