Table 2.

Precipitating factors.

Precipitating Factors
Benzodiazepines [15,16,19,30,32,40,44,49,56,58,70,76,79,83,87,89,91,101,104] Cardiac surgery [32,55,70,75,76,91] Heart-lung bypass [17,84,113,116] Duration of surgery [9,16,24,28,31,44,67,79,83,100,101,103] Emergency surgery [24,55,70,75,80,96] Orthopaedic surgery [28,32,39,55,57,70,76,81,88,98] Type of surgery [18,49,67,83,95,103,104] Major transfusion [17,18,19,38,47,49,60,75,100] Admission to UCI [16,25,32,47,55,57,76,82,118] Psychotropics [46,56,58,78,90] Inhalational anaesthetic [49,65,94,101,103]	Opioids [12,49,69,75,83] Anticholinergics [32,73,76,79,81,117] Foley catheterization or other invasive procedures [16,30,32,76,91,101] General anaesthetic [58,94,119] Duration of anaesthesia [58,67,75] Loneliness [4,14,47] Analgesics [58,87] Pharmacological suppression, physical restriction [32,70] Mechanical ventilation [2,79] Duration of orotracheal intubation [17,26] Institutionalisation [78,114]	Poor family support [16,76] Fresh frozen plasma [49,96] Length of stay [14] Abdominal surgery [75] Neurovascular surgery [75] Polypharmacy [45] Balloon counter-pulsation [80] delay in emergence from anaesthesia [25] Hospitalisation [30] Urological surgery [28] GABA [73] Adrenaline [26]

The numbers in the table refer to the reference numbers indicated in Table 6.