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. 2021 Sep 11;11(9):2361. doi: 10.3390/nano11092361

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Relevant dimensions of (a) an inverse-arrowhead diode and (b) a Z-diode. The shoulder width is represented by d_s, and the neck width is represented by d_n. For electron carriers, the current, I, should be positive for a positive V₀.