Figure 4.

Comparison of the barrier properties of BBB mono- and co-culture models. Barrier function of different BBB models prepared from brain endothelial cells (E), astrocytes (A), and pericytes (P) were measured by (a) transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER, expressed as Ω × cm²) and (b) endothelial permeability coefficient for sodium fluorescein (Na–F P_e, expressed in 10⁻⁶ cm/s). Data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 3, ** p < 0.01 vs. E00); (c) Expression of the tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 in different BBB models detected by western blot. The relative level of the proteins was determined by densitometry. Data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 3, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. E00).