Table 2.
Bivariate and multivariate analysis of predictive factors for at-risk sexual exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic, Brazil and Portugal, 2020.
| Factors | OR (95%CI) | p-Value | aOR (95%CI) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country of residence | Brazil | 1.367 (1.143–1.635) | <0.001 | 1.961 (1.506–2.554) | <0.001 |
| Portugal | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Lives in the Metropolitan Area | Yes | 1.206 (0.989–1.470) | 0.065 | 1.344 (1.028–1.757) | 0.003 |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Age group | 18–25 years old | 1.00 | |||
| 26–39 years old | 0.962 (0.794–1.166) | 0.694 | |||
| 40+ years old | 1.379 (1.083–1.756) | 0.009 | |||
| Schooling level | High School | 1.00 | |||
| Higher Education | 1.471 (0.769–2.815) | 0.244 | |||
| Postgraduate Degree | 1.967 (1.061–3.646) | 0.032 | |||
| In isolation | Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Partially | 0.972 (0.590–1.603) | 0.228 | 0.773 (0.423–1.413) | 0.353 | |
| No | 1.373 (0.820–2.297) | 0.912 | 1.340 (1.159–2.248) | <0.001 | |
| Impact | A little | 1.758 (1.478–2.092) | <0.001 | 1.767 (1.399–2.232) | <0.001 |
| To some extent | 0.882 (0.668–1.165) | 0.378 | 0.723 (0.487–1.073) | 0.108 | |
| Very much | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Type of partners | Casual | 1.921 (1.465–2.518) | <0.001 | ||
| Stable and occasional | 1.316 (1.056–1.639) | 0.015 | |||
| Stable | 1.00 | ||||
| Lives with partner | Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 1.493 (1.164–1.916) | 0.002 | 1.580 (1.146–2.179) | 0.005 | |
| Uses dating apps | Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 1.222 (1.004–1.487) | 0.046 | 1.549 (1.169–2.046) | 0.002 | |
| Uses Facebook to find partners | Yes | 1.00 | |||
| No | 1.216 (1.031–1.434) | 0.020 | |||
| Uses WhatsApp groups | Yes | 1.00 | |||
| No | 1.871 (1.339–2.615) | <0.001 | |||
| Goes to bars to find partners | Yes | 1.00 | |||
| No | 1.102 (0.821–1.481) | 0.518 | |||
| Does not look for partners during the pandemic | Yes | 1.00 | |||
| No | 1.444 (1.158–1.800) | <0.001 | |||
| During the pandemic, the frequency of your sexual practices | Did not change | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Was reduced | 0.896 (0.669–1.199) | 0.460 | 0.816 (0.588–1.132) | 0.223 | |
| Increased | 1.020 (0.800–1.300) | 0.874 | 1.492 (1.011–2.202) | 0.044 | |
| During the pandemic, your number of partners | Did not change | 1.00 | |||
| Was reduced | 0.654 (0.551–0.775) | <0.001 | |||
| Increased | 3.678 (2.677–5.054) | <0.001 | |||
| Practiced group sex during the pandemic | Yes | 2.152 (1.696–2.733) | <0.001 | 2.431 (1.720–3.437) | <0.001 |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Practiced chemsex during the pandemic | Yes | 2.115 (1.778–2.516) | <0.001 | 2.246 (1.672–3.017) | <0.001 |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Had multiple partners (3 or more) during the pandemic | Yes | 6.804 (5.692–8.134) | <0.001 | 14.045 (10.257–19.231) | <0.001 |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Already presented COVID-19 symptoms | Yes | 2.339 (1.987–2.753) | <0.001 | 2.275 (1.811–2.858) | <0.001 |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Was already tested for COVID-19 | Yes | 1.123 (0.865–1.458) | |||
| No | 1.00 | ||||
| Alcohol consumption during the pandemic | Did not change | 1.00 | |||
| Was reduced | 1.016 (0.811–1.274) | 0.887 | |||
| Increased | 1.121 (0.903–1.392) | 0.302 | |||
| Do you know your HIV status? | Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 1.216 (0.973–1.519) | 0.086 | 2.081 (1.534–2.825) | <0.001 | |
| Tested for HIV in the last 12 months | Yes | 1.112 (0.947–1.307) | 0.194 | ||
| No | 1.00 | ||||
| During your life, have you already had at-risk sexual exposure? | Yes | 2.577 (2.108–3.150) | <0.001 | 5.136 (3.849–6.854) | <0.001 |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
OR: odds ratio, aOR: adjusted odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, ROC curve: 0.816 (<0.001); sensitivity: 80.2%; specificity: 73.6%, Nagelkerke R square: 0.350.