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Western blot analysis of proteins involved in the MAPK pathway in NHCs. (a) Representative Western blots of total and phosphorylated MAPK family proteins. (b) Quantification of phosphorylated p38, JNK, and ERK. Statistical significance: Tukey’s multiple comparisons test * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared to IL-1 β stimulation without AE.
