Table 1.
Phytochemical composition (% ± SD) of the essential oil (EO) and hydrosol (H) of Dittrichia viscosa.
| Component | RI* | RI** | EO (Yield in %) |
H (Yield in %) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 0.71 | 1.56 | ||
| α-Pinene * | 938 | 1036 | 0.71 ± 0.01 a | 0.23 ± 0.01 b |
| Sabinene | 971 | 1115 | - | 0.28 ± 0.01 |
| Myrcene | 992 | 1145 | - | 0.62 ± 0.03 |
| Limonene | 1032 | 1204 | - | 0.43 ± 0.03 |
| Oxygenated monoterpenes | 53.41 | 81.85 | ||
| 1,8-Cineole | 1030 | 1211 | 16.41 ± 0.01 b | 18.55 ± 0.01 a |
| cis-Sabinene hydrate | 1065 | 1561 | 4.23 ± 0.01 b | 10.97 ± 0.01 a |
| Linalool | 1099 | 1548 | 6.62 ± 0.01 b | 11.67 ± 0.01 a |
| Borneol * | 1176 | 1699 | 0.32 ± 0.01 a | 0.12 ± 0.05 b |
| α-Terpineol | 1186 | 1646 | 2.65 ± 0.01 a | 2.62 ± 0.01 b |
| β-Cyclocitral | 1223 | 1629 | 4.81 ± 0.01 a | 2.23 ± 0.01 b |
| Bornyl acetate | 1287 | 1591 | 2.71 ± 0.01 a | 0.67 ± 0.01 b |
| p-Menth-1-en-9-ol | 1294 | 1915 | - | 29.93 ± 0.01 |
| -Terpinyl acetate | 1349 | 1685 | 13.92 ± 0.01 a | 1.31 ± 0.01 b |
| Cyclohexene, 1,5,5-trimethyl-6-methylene | 1364 | - | - | 2.02 ± 0.01 |
| (E)-Isoeugenol | 1446 | 2314 | 1.74 ± 0.01 | 1.76 ± 0.01 |
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 7.26 | - | ||
| allo-Aromadendrene | 1465 | 1662 | 2.34 ± 0.01 | - |
| β-Bisabolene | 1494 | 1729 | 4.31 ± 0.01 | - |
| δ-Cadinene | 1517 | 1754 | 0.61 ± 0.07 | - |
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 30.11 | 13.49 | ||
| Caryophyllene-oxide * | 1581 | 1955 | 15.14 ± 0.01 a | 3.24 ± 0.01 b |
| α-Muurolol | 1645 | 2181 | 13.75 ± 0.01 a | 10.25 ± 0.01 b |
| Cyperotundone | 1696 | - | 1.22 ± 0.01 | - |
| Fatty acids | 2.58 | - | ||
| Hexadecanoic acid | 1959 | 2913 | 2.58 ± 0.01 | - |
| Hydrocarbons | 2.67 | - | ||
| Heneicosane * | 2100 | 2100 | 0.42 ± 0.03 | - |
| Docosane * | 2200 | 2200 | 1.73 ± 0.01 | - |
| Tricosane * | 2300 | 2300 | 0.52 ± 0.01 | - |
| Total identification (%) | 96.74 | 96.90 |
Retention indices (RI) were determined relative to a series of n-alkanes (C8–C40) on capillary columns VF5-ms (RI*) and CP Wax 52 (RI**); RI, identification by comparison of RIs with samples listed in a homemade library, reported in the literature [32] and/or authentic samples; comparison of mass spectra with those in the NIST02 Wiley 9 mass spectral libraries; * co-injection with reference compounds; -not identified; SD standard deviation of triplicate analyzes; significant differences were determined using multiple t-tests. a,b Mean values with different superscripts indicate a statistically significant difference between the data from EO and the H sample (p < 0.05).