Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with and without stress hyperglycemia *.
| Patients with Stress Hyperglycemia (n = 22) | Patients without Stress Hyperglycemia (n = 27) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 diagnosis (n, %) | 10 (46) | 13 (48) | 0.851 |
| Male sex (n, %) | 14 (64) | 19 (70) | 0.617 |
| Age (y) | 69 ± 9 | 67 ± 10 | 0.574 |
| Glucose metabolism | |||
| Previous diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 9 (41) | 3 (11) | 0.022 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 0.013 |
| Glycemia at ICU admission (mg/dl) | 162 ± 44 | 118 ± 42 | 0.003 |
| Mean glycemia 1-week at ICU (mg/dl) | 161 ± 29 | 112 ± 26 | <0.001 |
| Artificial nutrition | |||
| Time on TPN (days) | 14.7 ± 11.8 | 8.3 ± 8.9 | 0.035 |
| Time on EN (days) | 8.6 ± 12.6 | 3.5 ± 6.8 | 0.075 |
| Mean energy delivered (kcal/day) | 1185 ± 296 | 941 ± 287 | 0.006 |
| Mean glucose delivered (g/day) | 147 ± 24 | 132 ± 20 | 0.026 |
| Metabolic and inflammatory markers | |||
| Osteocalcin (µg/L) | 8.2 ± 5.3 | 12.3 ± 7.0 | 0.034 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 170 ± 102 | 180 ± 144 | 0.808 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 1.8 ± 3.2 | 0.8 ± 1.5 | 0.314 |
| Prognostic parameters | |||
| ICU stay (days) | 23 ± 17 | 11 ± 13 | 0.007 |
| Total hospital stay (days) | 47 ± 39 | 31 ± 23 | 0.090 |
| Mortality (n, %) | 5 (19) | 10 (45) | 0.085 |
Data are means ± SD unless otherwise stated. TPN, total parenteral nutrition; EN, enteral nutrition; CRP, C-reactive protein; ICU, intensive care unit. * Stress hyperglycemia was defined as glycemia ≥ 140 mg/dl.