Table 2.

The therapy of glomerulopathy and the common side effects of the pharmacotherapy.

	Non-Immune Therapy		Immunosuppressant Therapy						Denote
	↓Dietary salt/protein SGLT2 inhibitors RAAS blockades Blood pressure Infection prophylaxis (vaccine, antibioticsantiviral agents) Vitamin D + calcium	Diuretics ↑Oncotic pressure (albumin infusion) Lipid lowering Anticoagulation (prevent or treat thromboembolism)	Steroids	Calcineurin inhibitors	Antimetabolite	Alkalizing agents	Anti-CD20	PP
			Prednisolone ACTH	Cyclosporine Tacrolimus	Mycophenolate Azathioprine	CYC Chlorambucil	Rituximab
MCD	ν	ν	ν	ν	ν	ν	ν
FSGS	ν	ν	ν	ν		ν			Genetic test: Congenital/infantile type, APOL1 (adult)
MN	ν	ν	ν	ν	ν	ν	ν		Serum anti-PLA2R: diagnosis, follow-up and outcomes
MPGN	ν	ν					ν	ν	Treat underlying diseases (e.g., MM, lymphoma or HCV)
IgAN	ν	ν (IgAN+MCD)	ν		ν (some RTCs)				Adjuvant antimalarial Ongoing trial: Fostamatinib, Atacicept, Bortezomib
LN	ν	ν (class V)	ν		ν	ν	ν		Antimalarial agents AZA for maintenance
AAV	ν		ν			ν	ν	ν severe AKI PH	Disease activity: chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13, matrix metalloproteinase-3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1
Ani-GBM	ν		ν			ν		ν till anti-GBM (-)	Overlap syndrome (ANA, ANCA)
Common S/E	Rare	Rare	↑Glucose Cushing ↑BP	Nephrotoxic	GI upset Leukopenia	Bone marrow suppression Infertility	Infusion reaction, Infection Cytopenia	Fever Urticaria

Denote: AAV: ANCA associated vasculitis, BP: blood pressure, CYC: cyclophosphamide, FSGS: focal segmental glomerulonephropathy, GI: gastrointestinal, GBM: glomerular basement membrane, IgAN: IgA nephropathy, LN: lupus nephritis, MCD: minimal change disease, MM: multiple myeloma, MN: membranous nephropathy, MPGN: membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, PH: pulmonary hemorrhage, PP: plasmapheresis, RAAS: renin-agiotensin-aldosterone system, SGLT2: sodium glucose cotransporter 2, S/E: side effect.