Table 4.

Rumen fermentation parameters of the goats fed the experimental diets, sampling the rumen fluid just before the morning meal and 5 h after.

Item	Hours 2	Diet 1			SEM	p-Value
		C	L	H
pH	0	6.84	6.69	6.53	0.27	0.665
	5	6.54	6.66	6.45	0.18	0.695
Total VFA, mmol/L	0	130	112	132	14.1	0.550
	5	167	123	136	39.9	0.688
VFA, mol/100 mol VFA
Acetate	0	70.9	73.4	72.9	1.00	0.172
	5	72.2	74.6	71.1	0.93	0.053
Propionate	0	18.5	18.8	16.8	1.41	0.499
	5	19.4	16.8	18.8	0.89	0.141
Isobutyrate	0	1.21	1.00	0.91	0.28	0.682
	5	0.46	0.44	0.59	0.38	0.945
Butyrate	0	8.61	6.33	8.56	1.09	0.270
	5	7.47	7.49	9.09	1.12	0.446
Isovalerate	0	0.36	0.19	0.33	0.16	0.699
	5	0.04	0.14	0.05	0.03	0.142
n-valerate	0	0.49	0.31	0.54	0.11	0.311
	5	0.40	0.45	0.40	0.07	0.869
Acetate:propionate	0	3.90	3.93	4.44	0.36	0.431
	5	3.73	4.45	3.16	0.37	0.86
Ammonia N, mmol/L	0	11.4	9.19	13.9	1.77	0.203
	5	6.13	6.80	7.61	1.32	0.668

¹ C = control diet; L = linseed diet; H = hemp seed diet. ² Hour after morning meal.