Skip to main content
. 2021 Sep 18;12(9):842. doi: 10.3390/insects12090842

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The effect of caffeine and dopamine on learning performance in a European honeybee colony, Apis mellifera. Caffeine-treated bees showed a higher learning performance than the control, requiring less training trials until conditioned to the stimulus. Significance was calculated using repeated measures ANOVA and differences between groups were estimated using Multiple Comparisons of Means (Tukey Contrasts).