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. 2021 Sep 18;10(9):1217. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10091217

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Average (±SEM) AIEC LF82 adhesion/invasion and invasion (expressed as proportion of the viable cells as determined via plating (CFU) in the treatment versus the blank) of human-derived epithelial Caco-2 cells (Test 2). Effects were assessed for the cranberry concentrate Type M (A), upon upper GIT incubation (B), and upon simulated colonic incubation (C). Statistical differences versus the blank were calculated using a one-way ANOVA analysis with a post hoc Dunnett test and are indicated with * (p < 0.05) or ** (p < 0.01) (n = 3).