Table 5.
Role of exosomes in bone remodeling. Cell of origin and target cell are specified for each exosomal molecule. BMSC, bone mesenchymal stem cell; OB, osteoblast; OC, osteoclast; BMM, bone marrow monocyte.
| Cell of Origin | Exosomal Cargo | Target Cell | Biological Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| BMSC | miR-196a, miR-27a, miR-206 | OB | ↑ osteogenesis |
| BMSC | MALAT1 | OB | ↑ osteogenesis |
| BMSC | miR-122-5p | OB | ↑ osteogenesis |
| BMSC | not specified | OB | ↑ osteogenesis |
| OB | miR-667-3p, miR-6769b-5p, miR-7044-5p, miR-7668-3p, miR-874-3p, OPG | BMSC | ↑ osteogenesis |
| OB | ECM proteins (tenascin C, fibronectin, collagen, TRIP1) | ECM; BMSC | ↑ osteogenesis |
| OB | RANKL, TRAP | BMM | ↑ OC genesis |
| OB | miR-125b | OC | ↓ OC genesis |
| OB | MMP2 | Endothelium | ↑ angiogenesis |
| OC | miR-214-3p | OB | ↓ osteogenesis |
| OC | miR-23a-5p | OB | ↓ osteogenesis |
| OC | RANK receptor | OC | ↑ osteogenesis |
| Osteocyte | SOST, RANKL, OPG | OB | ↑ osteogenesis |
| Osteocyte | miR-218 | OB | ↓ osteogenesis |