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Abbreviations
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| DCMD |
Direct contact membrane distillation |
| MD |
Membrane distillation |
| PP |
Polypropylene |
| PTFE |
Polytetrafluoroethylene |
| RO |
Reverse osmosis |
| SEC |
Specific energy consumption,
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| TCM |
Traditional Chinese medicine |
| TFM |
Thin film composite membrane |
| YPFS |
Yu-Ping-Feng-San |
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Symbols
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Area,
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Membrane permeability, for RO and for MD |
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Concentration indication, Brix |
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Heat capacity,
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Hydraulic diameter,
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Membrane thickness,
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Energy, for RO process and for evaporation |
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Concentration factor |
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Thermal convection coefficient,
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Latent heat or Enthalpy, for MD process and for evaporation |
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Permeate water flux, for RO process and for MD process |
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Conduction coefficient,
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Characteristic length,
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Mass,
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Mass flowrate,
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Viscosity,
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Nusselt number |
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Pressure, for RO process and for MD process |
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Hydraulic pressure difference,
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Osmotic pressure difference,
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Prandtl number |
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Heat transfer rate or heat consumption rate,
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Reynold’s number |
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Steam flowrate,
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Temperature,
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Time, or
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Flow velocity,
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Volumetric flowrate,
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Volume,
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Power,
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Subscripts
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Start of the process |
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Experimental results |
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Feed |
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Inlet |
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Latent heat |
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Extra water loss |
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Membrane |
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Membrane distillation |
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Minimum |
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Modelling results |
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Outlet |
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Permeate |
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Pump |
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Steam |
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Saturated vapor |
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Thermodynamic |
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Water |