Skip to main content
. 2021 Sep 21;10(9):2495. doi: 10.3390/cells10092495

Figure 2.

Figure 2

High glucose activates the same ACs as GCGR activation to increase the cAMP signal. (A) Average curves of intracellular cAMP signaling in β-cells induced by 100 nM glucagon and effects of MK0893 or Exendin 9-39 on glucagon-induced cAMP signaling in 5 mM glucose (n = 17–21 per condition). (B) Maximum responses of intracellular cAMP signaling calculated from (A). (C–E) Maximum responses of intracellular cAMP signaling in β-cells induced by 100 nM glucagon and effects of MK0893 or Exendin 9-39 on glucagon-induced cAMP signaling in 7 mM glucose (C), 11 mM glucose (D), 20 mM glucose (E) (n = 15–19 per condition). (F) Effects of different adenylate cyclase (AC) inhibitors on high glucose-, GCGR- and GLP-1R-stimulated cAMP elevations (n = 17–19 per condition). 100 μM NB001, 10 μM NKY80, and 10 μM KH7 inhibit AC1, AC5, and AC10, respectively. Statistical significance was evaluated using Student’s t-test for single Gaussian-distributed datasets or the Mann–Whitney rank-sum test for non-single Gaussian-distributed datasets. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.