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. 2021 Sep 18;13(9):1514. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091514

Table 4.

Drugs showing consistent protective associations across 4 time-windows and 8 models (ranked by the frequency of being nominally significant, i.e., p < 0.05).

ATC Code Drug Name Freq
1 C09AA ACE inhibitors, plain 21
2 J07BB Influenza vaccines 20
3 C10AA HMG CoA reductase inhibitors 19
4 H03AA Thyroid hormones 17
5 C09CA Angiotensin II receptor blockers, plain 15
6 G04CB Testosterone-5-alpha reductase inhibitors 12
7 A02BC Proton pump inhibitors 11
8 C08CA Dihydropyridine derivatives 11
9 R03BA Glucocorticoids 9
10 C07AB Beta blocking agents, selective 8
11 A10BA Biguanides 7
12 B01AC Platelet aggregation inhibitors excl. heparin 7
13 G03CA Natural and semisynthetic estrogens, plain 7
14 J07CA Bacterial and viral vaccines, combined 7
15 A03AA Synthetic anticholinergics, esters with tertiary amino group 6

Frequency (freq) calculated based on results from time windows of 6 months to 5 years. Ophthalmological and dermatological agents are not listed in the above table.